Cryogenic disturbance and pedogenic lag effects as determined by the profile developmental index: The styggedalsbreen glacier chronosequence, Norway

How allogenic factors affect succession in glacier forefields

“…Conversely, plant communities are more developed at the edges of sorted circles with less ground material movement (Haugland, 2004;Haugland and Beatty, 2005). As well, Haugland and Haugland (2008) described decreasing soil horizon development with increasing frost activity disturbance from undisturbed ground from a polygon border to a polygon center.…”

“…However, in some cases, variations in allogenic factors are important enough so that time since deglaciation is not the dominant control of successional change and in some cases even explains less than half of the successional patterns (e.g., Temme and Lange, 2014;Rydgren et al, 2014;Stawska, 2017). Many studies on glacier forefield successional sequences report evidence indicating that typical allogenic factors (i.e., uneven environmental conditions and geomorphological disturbances) affect the rate and trajectory of plant successional sequences (e.g., Andreis et al, 2001;Raffl et al, 2006;Pech et al, 2007;Moreau et al, 2008;Garibotti et al, 2011a) and soil evolution (Matthews, 1999;Haugland and Haugland, 2008;Temme and Lange, 2014;Heckmann et al, 2016;Wojcik et al, 2020) in glacier forefields. In glacier forefields, geomorphological disturbances are ubiquitous, and their occurrences are spatially and temporally heterogeneous.…”

Cryogenic Soil Activity along Bioclimatic Gradients in Northern Sweden: Insights from Eight Different Proxies

“…Annual cryogenic soil activity has been measured using the magnitude of differential frost heave, radial surface soil displacement or up‐freezing rates of buried objects by means of soil surface markers (Chambers, ; Shilts, ; Gartner et al ., ; Hallet and Prestrud, ; Jonasson, ; Washburn, ; Wilkerson, ; Sutton et al ., ), metal frame apparatus (Chambers, ; Smith, ; Kling, ; Hallet, ; Walker et al ., ; Overduin and Kane, ; Romanovsky et al ., ), sensors detecting movement or strain (Hallet, ; Matsuoka et al ., ; Overduin and Kane, ) and high‐resolution laser surveys (Daanen et al, ). The decadal‐ to millennial cumulative effect of cryoturbation has been estimated based on proxies such as the soil subduction rate inferred from dated buried organic soil horizons (Dyke and Zoltai, ; Van Vliet‐Lanoë and Seppälä, ), the pedogenic development and churning intensity of soil profiles (Haugland and Haugland, ; Ping et al ., ), lichenometric dating of surface clasts (Cook‐Talbot, ; Vopata et al ., ; Makoto and Klaminder, ) and visual inspections of vegetation patterns or composition (Jonasson, ; Hjort and Luoto, ; Feuillet et al ., ). Few studies have applied several methods simultaneously (Chambers, ; Washburn, ; Wilkerson, ; Hallet, ; Kade and Walker, ) and no study has systematically compared different proxies of cryogenic activity.…”

Sediment fingerprinting and the mode of formation of singular and composite annual moraine ridges at two glacier margins, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

“…This could involve processes of deflation and loess-like re-deposition, down-washing of silt (pervection) and frost sorting, as has been demonstrated in previous studies of annual moraines and till surfaces of known age (e.g. Ballantyne and Matthews, 1983; Boulton and Dent, 1974; Frenot et al, 1995; Haugland, 2006; Haugland and Haugland, 2008; Matthews, 1992; Matthews et al, 1998). It could be expected that evidence of post-depositional changes would be more pronounced in relatively old annual moraines than in relatively young ones.…”