Cryogenic Fluid Management Technology for Moon and Mars Missions

Doherty, Michael F.; Gaby, J.; Salerno, Louis J.; Sutherlin, Steven

doi:10.2514/6.2009-6532

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It can detect and isolate major faults of cryogenic loading operation in the real time. It works much faster than commercially available full-scale fluid dynamics solvers and can be used for preliminary analysis of the loading protocols on the ground and under microgravity conditions [33].…”

Section: Homogeneous Moving Front Model 21 Model Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Cryogenic Loading Operations

Devine¹,

Luchinsky²,

Foygel³

et al. 2019

Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Science and Technology Applications

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We consider problem of modeling and controlling two-phase cryogenic flows during ground loading operations. We introduce homogeneous moving front and separated two-phase flow solvers that are capable of fast and accurate online predictions of flow dynamics during chilldown and transfer under nominal conditions and in the presence of faults. Concise sets of cryogenic correlations are proposed in each case. We present results of application of proposed solvers to the analysis of chilldown in large-scale experimental cryogenic transfer line build in Kennedy Space Center. We discuss optimization of parameters of cryogenic models obtained using general inferential framework and an application of the solvers to the fault detection and evaluation based on D-matrix approach. It is shown that solver's predictions are in good agreement with experimental data obtained for liquid nitrogen flow in nominal regime and in the presence of faults.

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Section: Homogeneous Moving Front Model 21 Model Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Cryogenic Loading Operations

Devine¹,

Luchinsky²,

Foygel³

et al. 2019

Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Science and Technology Applications

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“…Here, it is assumed that the lowest horizontal layer does not have the boundary element, so that the horizontal flow is equal to the upward vertical flow (1, L) and is given by (13).…”

Section: A Vapor Control Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is meant to be applied towards treating very important aspects of cryogenic fuel management technology [13], such as the minimization of the boil-off effects and the optimization of fuel bias, i.e. of the excess of fuel load above nominal aimed at preventing the cryogenic fuel from overheating due to radiation from the hot jet and heat conduction transfer through the ET walls from the engine, thrust cone, and common bulkhead.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature stratification effects under consideration may be responsible for the possible appearance of the overheated layers [11,12] of cryogenic fuel in the external tanks, and would be crucial to designing effective pressure and temperature control in the storage tanks [7][8][9][10]13]. The model is meant to be applied towards treating very important aspects of cryogenic fuel management technology [13], such as the minimization of the boil-off effects and the optimization of fuel bias, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temperature Stratification in a Cryogenic Fuel Tank

Daigle

Smelyanskiy

Boschee

et al. 2013

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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A reduced dynamical model describing temperature stratification effects driven by natural convection in a liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel tank has been developed. It accounts for cryogenic propellant loading, storage, and unloading in the conditions of normal, increased, and micro-gravity. The model involves multiple horizontal control volumes in both liquid and ullage spaces. Temperature and velocity boundary layers at the tank walls are taken into account by using correlation relations. Heat exchange involving the tank wall is considered by means of the lumped-parameter method. By employing basic conservation laws, the model takes into consideration the major multi-phase mass and

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“…One of the key requirements to enable long-term space exploration missions is the effective management of cryogenic propellants in a microgravity environment. Cryogenic fluid management in weightlessness provides a number of fundamental physical challenges, such as the storage of fluids, the transfer of propellant, and an accurate monitoring and gauging of fluids (Lacovic et al, 1968;Glover, 1991;Dodge, 2000;Donabedian, 2003;Motil et al, 2007;Chato, 2009;Doherty et al, 2010;Muratov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of Ultrasonic Waves for Bubble Control in Cryogenic Fuel Tanks

Suñol

Ochoa

Granados

et al. 2020

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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An efficient long-term storage of cryogenic pro-1 pellants is a challenge for future space exploration missions. 2The vapour bubbles formed as a result of boil-off in the tank 3 walls can generate foam structures, which could be hazardous 4 in different operations in orbit. A recently proposed approach 5 to control the dynamics of bubbles is based on the generation 6 of an acoustic field by means of a piezoelectric transducer.7This technology needs to be validated at cryogenic tempera-8 tures in order to be applicable in space. In this perspective, 9 different piezoelectric elements and matching layer materials 10 have been tested at cryogenic temperatures to assess their 11 performance at such environmental conditions. We consider 12 the use of soft PZT piezoceramics coupled with an epoxy 13 resin as the matching layer. Experimental data reveal that 14 epoxy resin-based acoustic matching layers exhibit a linear 15 increase in the transmittance of the acoustic amplitude at 16 cryogenic conditions. The peak-to-peak amplitude increases 17 as temperature decreases up to a factor of 1.6. This result 18 opens the possibility of generating and transmitting acoustic 19 waves at cryogenic temperatures, which could be used in 20 the recently proposed technology to control the dynamics of 21 vapour bubbles in cryogenic fuel tanks.

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Cryogenic Fluid Management Technology for Moon and Mars Missions

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Cryogenic Loading Operations

Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Cryogenic Loading Operations

Temperature Stratification in a Cryogenic Fuel Tank

Performance Assessment of Ultrasonic Waves for Bubble Control in Cryogenic Fuel Tanks

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