Cryogenic Treatment of Tool Materials: A Review

Kalsi, Nirmal S.; Sehgal, Rakesh; Sharma, Vishal S.

doi:10.1080/10426911003720862

Cited by 167 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…7). Past studies pointed out that subzero cooling rate might be important and also that micro cracks can be observed with sudden temperature variations [27]. In this work, some cracks were observed as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effect of sub-Zero Treatment on Ageing of Aluminium Composite

Taşkesen¹,

Aksöz²,

Özdemir³

2018

IJMMM

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Abstract-In this study, B4C reinforced 7075 Al composites were fabricated by cold and hot pressing of Al, Cu, Zn and Mg elemental powders. Two different reinforcement rates (10% and 15%) were used for the composites. In order to examine the structural and mechanical properties, different sub-zero and ageing processes were applied to the composites. Sub-zero and stepped ageing treatments were applied after solutionizing at 470 o C for different time periods. It was found that hardness of the composite was substantially increased and micro structure was changed. Findings show that, general strength of the material significantly increased particularly after solutionization process.Index Terms-B4C, aluminium composite, sub-zero treatment, ageing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effect of sub-Zero Treatment on Ageing of Aluminium Composite

Taşkesen¹,

Aksöz²,

Özdemir³

2018

IJMMM

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“…Over the years, the term cryogenics has been used to refer to the temperatures around and below 150 C, where it has been mostly used to reduce the amount of retained austenite, particularly in tool steels [26,27]. Thus, Kalsi et al [27] reported that most steels retained austenite together with primary and secondary precipitates in the microstructure.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of deep sub-zero treatment on mechanical properties of AA5XXX aluminum plates adjoined by MIG welding technique

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this study, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AA5XXX aluminum plates connected by MIG welding were investigated. Thus, after several preliminary experiments done to ensure quality requirements of the parameters, specimens in the form of long aluminum plates were welded, and then some of them were spared for the subsequent sub-zero treatment at about 146 C for 12 and 24 h, respectively. To investigate the e ect of this super cooling on the welded parts, several tensile, bending, and hardness tests in conjunction with micro-structure examinations were carried out and results were discussed in detail. It was concluded that during sub-zero treatment, microstructure gets ner and stabilized, positively a ecting the overall strength of the material. There is no signi cant di erence in the overall strength of the material right after the subzero treatment and that of the specimens rested for one year at room temperature after cryogenics treatments.

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“…This steel is often used for cryogenic treatment as reported in references. [2][3][4] It is noted that the steel showed an improvement in the wear resistance after cryogenic processing. For example, Das et al investigated the effect of cryogenic treatment including low-temperature quenching and low-temperature tempering on the structure and properties of the 1.2379 steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the cryogenic treatment is increasingly used for tool steels. [1][2][3][4][5] The aim is to obtain the optimum ratio between contradictory properties, like hardness and toughness, providing for a greater wear resistance of the treated instruments. 5 Authors attribute this benefit of cryogenic treatment to the precipitation of very fine carbides and a reduction of the proportion of the residual austenite in the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the properties and structure of selected tool steels for cold work depending on the parameters of heat treatment

Kuřík¹,

J²,

Vlach³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Tool steels produced with powder metallurgy (P/M) are perspective materials, although they are more expensive in comparison with tool steels produced with the conventional method. The work focuses on the study of mechanical properties and structure depending on the heat-treatment conditions for the two tool steels. These are the 1.2379 steel for cold work produced with classical metallurgy and high-speed P/M steel Vanadis 23. Both materials were heat treated in the conventional manner to achieve a hardness of 61 HRC. They were also exposed to a cryogenic treatment at temperatures of -90°C and -196°C for 4 h between the hardening and the tempering. We evaluated the hardness and strength using the three-point-bending test and the wear resistance using the pin-on-disk method. Keywords: powder metallurgy, high-speed steels, heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, wear rate Orodna jekla, proizvedena s postopki metalurgije v prahu (angl. P/M) so perspektivni materiali, kljub temu da so dra`ji od tistih izdelanih s konvencionalno metodo. Delo je osredoto~eno na {tudijo mehanskih lastnosti in strukturo, v odvisnosti od pogojev toplotne obdelave za ti dve vrsti orodnih jekel. To so jekla 1.2379 za delo v hladnem, proizvedena s klasi~nimi metalur{kimi postopki in hitrorezno P/M jeklo Vanadis 23. Oba materiala sta bila toplotno obdelana s konvencionalnimi postopki, glede na njuno sestavo, tako, da sta dosegli trdnost 61 HRC. Bili sta tudi izpostavljeni obdelavi s podhlajevanjem pri temperaturah od -90°C in -196°C za 4 h med strjevanjem in temperiranjem. Trdnost je bila ocenjena pri trito~kovnem mehanskem testu (zvijanje) in s testom obrabe po metodi pin-on-disk. Klju~ne besede: metalurgija prahov, visokorezna jekla, toplotna obdelava, obdelava s podhlajevanjem, stopnja obrabe

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Cryogenic Treatment of Tool Materials: A Review

Cited by 167 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of sub-Zero Treatment on Ageing of Aluminium Composite

Effect of sub-Zero Treatment on Ageing of Aluminium Composite

Effect of deep sub-zero treatment on mechanical properties of AA5XXX aluminum plates adjoined by MIG welding technique

Study of the properties and structure of selected tool steels for cold work depending on the parameters of heat treatment

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