2017
DOI: 10.3390/jof3040053
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Cryptococcus–Epithelial Interactions

Abstract: The fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, causes devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. Infections with this fungus tend to be predominantly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV. Infections initiate with inhalation of cryptococcal cells and entry of the pathogen into the lungs. The bronchial epithelial cells of the upper airway and the alveolar epithelial cells of the lower airway are likely to be the first host cells that Cryptococcus engage with. Thus the interaction of crypto… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Interaction of C. neoformans with the epithelial barriers is transient, and internalization of C. neoformans by epithelial cells is rarely observed. The airway epithelium is critical to trigger initial inflammatory response to the inhaled spores or yeast ( 19 ) and can produce surfactant, which agglutinates yeast cells ( 20 ). Potentially important to the pathogenesis of disease are interactions of C. neoformans with neurons or (micro)glial cells and their potential to cause neurological dysfunction but so far this remains an enigma ( 21 ).…”
Section: Cellular Damagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interaction of C. neoformans with the epithelial barriers is transient, and internalization of C. neoformans by epithelial cells is rarely observed. The airway epithelium is critical to trigger initial inflammatory response to the inhaled spores or yeast ( 19 ) and can produce surfactant, which agglutinates yeast cells ( 20 ). Potentially important to the pathogenesis of disease are interactions of C. neoformans with neurons or (micro)glial cells and their potential to cause neurological dysfunction but so far this remains an enigma ( 21 ).…”
Section: Cellular Damagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The second is the escape of extracellular C. neoformans cells. This could occur via transcytosis, when fungal cells pass directly through respiratory epithelial cells [ 23 ]. It could also occur after tissue damage allows for the passage of C. neoformans cells between epithelial cells, a process we will refer to as paracellular crossing [ 23 ].…”
Section: Routes Of Escapementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This can be achieved through either tissue damage and paracellular crossing, or transcytosis across respiratory epithelial cells. In vitro characterization of C. neoformans with the A549 human alveolar cell line has demonstrated that C. neoformans can adhere to, enter, and also damage lung epithelial cells [ 23 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”
Section: Routes Of Escapementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The capsular GXM participates in the adherence of C. neoformans to the respiratory epithelia (reviewed by [ 94 ]). The interaction is characterized by attachment to cellular receptors, followed by entry into host tissue.…”
Section: Cryptococcal Adhesion Toolsmentioning
confidence: 99%