“…The various samples used and constructed in this study (NaCas, Cur@NaCas and (Cur@NaCas)@CaP) were investigated using transmission emission microscopy (TEM, Hitachi HT7700, Tokyo, Japan) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-4700, Tokyo, Japan). [35] The average size and zeta-potential of free Cur and the various inclusion complexes were ascertained using dynamic light scattering (DLS, Nano-ZS 2000, Malvern Instruments, UK). The crystalline characterization of free Cur and the various inclusion complexes was facilitated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8 ADVANCE, Germany, Bruker) at a diffraction angle of 20 ranging from 5° to 50° with a stepwise scan rate of 10°/min at 0.2° per step.…”