Tetragonal
tungsten bronzes (TTBs), an important class of oxides
known to exhibit ferroelectricity, undergo complex distortions, including
rotations of oxygen octahedra, which give rise to either incommensurately
or commensurately modulated superstructures. Many TTBs display broad,
frequency-dependent relaxor dielectric behavior rather than sharper
frequency-independent normal ferroelectric anomalies, but the exact
reasons that favor a particular type of dielectric response for a
given composition remain unclear. In this contribution the influence
of incommensurate/commensurate displacive modulations on the onset
of relaxor/ferroelectric behavior in TTBs is assessed in the context
of basic crystal-chemical factors, such as positional disorder, ionic
radii and polarizabilities, and point defects. We present a predictive
crystal-chemical model that rationalizes composition–structure–properties
relations for a broad range of TTB systems.