The layered perovskite LaSr3Fe3O10 (LSF) easily hydrates under ambient air. The hydrated LSF transports hydroxides in the middle‐temperature range of 100 °C–250 °C. This study used X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis on normal and hydrated LSF from room temperature to 350 °C to evaluate the relationship between local structures and ion transport characteristics. The H2O molecules are mainly intercalated into rock‐salt interlayers, which are close to the La1 and O3 sites. The generated OH− ions are found at O3 sites, which are closer to Sr ions than La ions. The intercalated H2O molecules and formed OH− ions expand the spaces of the rock‐salt interlayers. The temperature dependence of the local crystal structure was also studied in this study. According to the findings, the presence of OH− ions on the O3 sites, which are closer to Sr ions, plays a significant role in OH− transport in the medium temperature range.