Crystalline composition of equine urinary calculi

Mair, T. S.; Osborn, R S

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30536-8

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During nucleation, either a nidus preexists or ions precipitate onto a preexisting nucleus. For uroliths, mucus, white blood cell aggregates, necrotic tissue, or foreign material may act as the nucleus 21 . Crystal growth then occurs when minerals precipitate or become supersaturated 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcification associated with the nasolacrimal system of a horse: case report and mineralogic composition

Cassotis

Schiffman

2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 12-year-old Paso Fino mare was evaluated for a chronic nasal and ocular discharge. A calcification was identified eroding through the nasal mucosa of the middle meatus. Differential considerations for this mass included dacryolith, nasal calculus, or calcified tooth root abscess. Anatomical location and case history and progression supported a dacryolith. Following removal, the calculus was submitted for mineralogic analysis. The calculus was primarily carbonate hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2) with a minor NaCl halite constituent. Dacryoliths, or nasolacrimal calculi, are an uncommon occurrence in animals, and sparsely reported in humans. The etiopathogenesis of dacryolith formation is unknown. The objective of this article was to report the first case report of an equine nasolacrimal system dacryolith and its mineralogic composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrastructural and mineral analysis for equine uroliths and enteroliths has been reported. 7,8,21,22 The proposed etiogenesis of urinary and enterolith formation includes nucleation and crystal growth. During nucleation, either a nidus preexists or ions precipitate onto a preexisting nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcification associated with the nasolacrimal system of a horse: case report and mineralogic composition

Cassotis

Schiffman

2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The clinical relevance of this finding is debatable. In theory, it is conceivable that the urinary tract of rhinoceroses could be overloaded by a more than appropriate dietary Ca supply, and hence (as previously described for rabbits [Kienzle, 1991;Kamphues, 1991;Wenkel et al, 1998] and horses [Holt and Pearson, 1984;Mair and Osborn, 1986;Laverty et al, 1992]) Ca-containing uroliths could form and cause obstructions. However, associated clinical findings have not been described in any rhinoceros species, which could be due to the comparatively large anatomical structure of the urinary tract in these animals.…”

Section: Calcium (Ca)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Energy and mineral nutrition and water intake in the captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

Clauss¹,

Polster²,

Kienzle³

et al. 2005

Zoo Biology

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In the captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), two disease complexes with a high incidence-chronic foot problems and uterine leiomyomas-may be linked to excess body weight (BW). In this study, intake and digestion trials were conducted (by means of 7-day weigh-backs, and 5-day total fecal collections, respectively) with I I Indian rhinoceroses at four zoological institutions in Europe and the United States to quantify energy and mineral nutrition on conventional or roughage-only diets. Diets comprising a variety of forages (grass hay only, a combination of grass hay and grass silage, straw, or a mixture of grass and legume hay) were offered as the roughage source, along with various concentrates, produce, and supplements. Water intake was quantified, and urine samples were obtained opportunistically. The animals consumed 0.5-1.1% of their BW in dry matter (DM) daily, with calculated digestible energy (DE, in megajoules MJ) values ranging from 0.27 to 0.99 MJ DE/kg BW0.75/day compared to an estimated requirement of 0.49-0.66 MJ DE/kg BW0.75/day. Seven of 11 rhinos (64%) fed restricted levels of concentrate plus forage consumed DE in excess of this estimate. Even on roughage-only diets, some individuals consumed energy well above the presumed metabolic requirements. Hence, restriction of both concentrates and roughage may be important for weight management in this species. Water intake ranged from 30 to 49 mL/kg BW daily (3.4-5.2 L/kg ingested DM), similar to values that have been reported for domestic equids. Excretion amounts and patterns also resembled those found in horses. Endogenous fecal losses measured for Ca, P, Cu, Fe, and Zn indicate that the maintenance requirements of these minerals should be met in Indian rhinoceroses by diets that meet recommendations for domestic horses. It is particularly important to evaluate dietary adequacy in mineral nutrition in this species in concert with the need for restricted energy intake, especially with regard to the hypothetical involvement of a low Zn supply in chronic foot problems

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“…Most equine uroliths are calcified (Mair and Osbom 1986) and should appear as radio-opaque densities on radiographs (Bovee 1984). However, abdominal radiography has been reported as ineffective for evaluating the kidneys of adult horses (Brown 1983;Hope et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%