Crystalline phosphides/amorphous oxides composite for energy-saving hydrogen production assisted by efficient urea oxidation reaction

Electrocatalytic urea oxidation: advances in mechanistic insights, nanocatalyst design, and applications

“…19,27,28 In addition, some researchers have designed catalysts by incorporating external elements to enhance the intrinsic activity along with the exploration of the UOR mechanism, such as heteroatom doping regulation and heterostructure construction. 21,[29][30][31][32][33][34] Advanced UOR catalysts have been recently explored for energy conversion devices. 10 Developing urea electrolysis and photoelectrochemical urea splitting technologies with anodic UOR instead of OER can signicantly improve hydrogen production efficiency.…”

Design of earth‐abundant amorphous transition metal‐based catalysts for electrooxidation of small molecules: Advances and perspectives

“…The c‐CoNiP x /a‐P‐MnO y catalyst can achieve the current density of 100 mA cm −2 at 1.35 V versus RHE for UOR, which is 273 mV lower than that for OER (Figure 6C). In addition, the composite outperforms the single component (Figure 6D,E), indicating the synergistic effect between the crystalline CoNiP x and amorphous P‐MnO y 102 . In the amorphous CrO x confined Ni/NiO nanoparticles catalyst synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment‐hydrogenation method (Figure 6F), the amorphous CrO x can facilitate the in situ generation of active NiOOH phase and the electron transfer process during UOR (Figure 6G), contributing to high catalytic activities.…”

“…In addition, the composite outperforms the single component (Figure 6D,E), indicating the synergistic effect between the crystalline CoNiP x and amorphous P-MnO y . 102 In the amorphous CrO x confined Ni/NiO nanoparticles catalyst synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment-hydrogenation method (Figure 6F), the amorphous CrO x can facilitate the in situ generation of active NiOOH phase and the electron transfer process during UOR (Figure 6G), contributing to high catalytic activities. Additionally, the CrO x shell shows a protective effect and leads to high stability.…”

“…(G) In situ electrochemical Raman spectra of NiO, Ni/NiO, and Ni/NiO@CrO x catalysts. Source : (A–E) Reproduced with permission: Copyright 2023, Elsevier 102 . (F and G) Reproduced with permission: Copyright 2023, Elsevier 103 …”

Building dual-phased Ni2P–Ni2P4O12electrocatalysts for efficient urea oxidation reaction

“…Moreover, in metal phosphates, there are strong covalent bonds between P and O, which would contribute to the stability when working under harsh conditions. 23–25 However, metal phosphates have inferior electric conductivity that is unfavorable for electrochemical reaction. Herein, it can be expected that nickel phosphate is a promising electrocatalyst for UOR as the poor conductivity issue is resolved.…”