Crystallization behavior of polybutadiene containing silica particles

Doan, Vu Anh; Nobukawa, Shogo; Ohtsubo, Shigeki; Tada, Takeshi; Yamaguchi, Masayuki

doi:10.1002/app.38362

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the other hand, melting peak is found to increase consistently in the series (Table 5). It is reported that BR crystallisation could be enhanced by the addition of silica due to increase in the number of nuclei [28]. This results in shifting of melting peak at higher temperature side.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of in situ silica-filled butadiene rubber composites

Bansod

Das

2018

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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Silica is introduced in butadiene rubber (BR) in situ by solution sol-gel method at low and high content. This results in uniformly dispersed spherically shaped silica in rubber matrix as revealed from Scanning electron microscopy study. Incorporation of in situ silica imparts moderate reinforcement to BR composite. Mechanical property and silica distribution are eventually improved by using a silane coupling agent as a surface modifier. Thermal, rheological, morphological, mechanical and melting behaviours of the composites are evaluated and analysed in a comparative manner.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of in situ silica-filled butadiene rubber composites

Bansod

Das

2018

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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“…DMA offers valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of materials influenced by crystallization [ 5 , 24 ]. The DMA curve of the Nd-BR/silica composite system is presented in Figure 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Avrami index n value, during the isothermal crystallization process, falls within the range of 2 to 3. Vu Anh Doan et al [ 5 ] examined the influence of silica on BR crystallization and found that silica accelerates BR crystallization, increasing the degree of crystallinity even after the crosslinking of BR. However, silica has minimal impact on the Avrami index n value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Crystallization Behavior of Neodymium Rare-Earth Butadiene Rubber Blends and Its Effect on Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Zhang,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Materials

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Utilizing neodymium-based butadiene rubber as a baseline, this study examines the effect of eco-friendly aromatic TDAE oil, fillers, and crosslinking reactions on neodymium-based rare-earth butadiene rubber (Nd-BR) crystallization behavior. The findings suggest that TDAE oil hinders crystallization, resulting in decreased crystallization temperatures and heightened activation energies (Ea). The crystallization activation energies for 20 parts per hundreds of rubber (PHR) and 37.5 PHR oil stand at −116.8 kJ/mol and −48.1 kJ/mol, respectively, surpassing the −264.3 kJ/mol of the unadulterated rubber. Fillers act as nucleating agents, hastening crystallization, which in turn elevates crystallization temperatures and diminishes Ea. In samples containing 20 PHR and 37.5 PHR oil, the incorporation of carbon black and silica brought the Ea down to −224.9 kJ/mol and −239.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Crosslinking considerably restricts molecular motion and crystallization potential. In the examined conditions, butadiene rubber containing 37.5 PHR oil displayed no crystallization following crosslinking, albeit crystallization was discernible with filler inclusion. Simultaneously, the crystallinity level sharply declined, manifesting cold crystallization behavior. The crosslinking process elevates Ea, while the equilibrium melting point (Tm0) noticeably diminishes. For instance, the Tm0 of pure Nd-BR is approximately −0.135 °C. When blended with carbon black and silica, the Tm0 values are −3.13 °C and −5.23 °C, respectively. After vulcanization, these values decrease to −21.6 °C and −10.16 °C. Evaluating the isothermal crystallization kinetics of diverse materials via the Avrami equation revealed that both the oil and crosslinking process can bring about a decrease in n values, with the Avrami index n for various samples oscillating between 1.5 and 2.5. Assessing the dynamic mechanical attributes of different specimens reveals that Nd-BR crystallization notably curtails its glass transition, marked by a modulus shift in the transition domain and a decrement in loss factor. The modulus in the rubbery state also witnesses a substantial augmentation.

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“…However, the ordered molecular structure that confers these advantageous properties also enhances the material’s crystallization ability at low temperatures, leading to deficiencies in low-temperature performance. For instance, Nd-BR may crystallize between −18 and −30 °C, resulting in increased permanent compressive deformation and reduced elasticity at low temperatures [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, investigating the crystallization processes and mechanisms of polybutadiene is critical for controlling its low-temperature crystallization and application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The branching degree is another factor affecting polymer crystallization; when the branching degree increases, the spherulitic growth rate decreases, and the spherulite size decreases. For instance, nickel-based polybutadiene rubber (Ni-BR) typically contains more short-chain branched structures, leading to decreased crystallization rates and degrees at −26 °C tested by DSC [ 5 ]. Zhang [ 14 , 15 ] studied the influence of a crosslinking network on crystallization by DSC; it was found that the crosslinking reaction restricts molecular mobility, thereby causing a noteworthy reduction in both crystallization temperature and enthalpy values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dilution on the Crystallization Kinetics of Neodymium-Based Rare Earth Polybutadiene Rubber

Zhang,

Li,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The crystallization behavior of neodymium-based rare earth polybutadiene rubber (Nd-BR) is studied in the presence of small-molecule treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) and high-molecular-weight polybutadiene–isoprene copolymer rubber (BIR). Pronounced inhibitory effects on the crystallization of Nd-BR are exhibited by both materials, as evidenced by reductions in the crystallization temperature (Tc), melting point (Tm), and corresponding enthalpy change. It is found that, at equal concentrations, a greater influence on the crystallization rate is exerted by TDAE oils, whereas nucleation inhibition is more potently affected by BIR. Incomplete crystallization during cooling is exhibited by Nd-BR when the TDAE oil concentration reaches 40 parts per hundreds of rubber (PHR) (31 wt.%), or BIR achieves a 60 wt.% concentration; subsequently, a noticeable cold crystallization phenomenon is observed upon heating. Insights into the isothermal crystallization kinetics are offered by the data, which reveal that the Avrami index n value for Nd-BR predominantly ranges between 2.5 and 3.0. A decrease in the n value is induced by a small amount of TDAE oil, while a noticeable decline in the n value is observed only when the BIR concentration is 60 wt.%. A correlation between the crystallization activation energy, the concentration of TDAE oil and BIR, and the crystallization temperature is established; a negative activation energy is recorded, and a decrease in the crystallization rate is noted when both concentrations are low and the crystallization temperature exceeds −50 °C. In contrast, positive activation energy and an increase in the crystallization rate are observed when the BIR concentration reaches 60%, and the crystallization temperature resides between −50 °C and −70 °C.

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Crystallization behavior of polybutadiene containing silica particles

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Studies on mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of in situ silica-filled butadiene rubber composites

Studies on mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of in situ silica-filled butadiene rubber composites

Study on the Crystallization Behavior of Neodymium Rare-Earth Butadiene Rubber Blends and Its Effect on Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Effect of Dilution on the Crystallization Kinetics of Neodymium-Based Rare Earth Polybutadiene Rubber

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