Crystallization of calcium sulfate on polymeric surfaces

Lin, Nancy H.; Shih, Wen‐Yi; Lyster, Eric; Cohen, Yoram

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.042

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Pilot-scale desalination studies [13] and benchscale experiments [14,15] have demonstrated that smoother membrane surfaces experience less scaling than rougher membranes, and modifying polyamide membranes to reduce their surface roughness also reduces their scaling propensity [16]. Studies of gypsum scaling kinetics for polymeric films and polyamide membrane surfaces of different roughness morphologies have shown that rougher surfaces generally experienced more scaling [17], though the scaling propensity could not be correlated directly to the degree of surface roughness [18]. The size and separation distance of surface roughness features also influence scaling behavior [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polyamide membrane surface chemistry on gypsum scaling behavior

Shaffer

Tousley

Elimelech

2017

Journal of Membrane Science

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Mineral scaling of thin-film composite desalination membranes is affected by the surface chemistry and roughness of the membrane polyamide selective layer, but the relative contributions of these surface properties to scaling is unknown. We studied the influence of differences in polyamide surface chemistry on gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) scaling of thin-film composite membranes, independent of surface roughness, with the goal of improving scaling resistance through changes to membrane surface chemistry. Smooth polyamide films and thin-film composite membranes were created using a molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique, and the surface chemistry of the polyamide films was enriched with amine or carboxyl functional groups by varying the final monomer deposition step in the layer-by-layer assembly process. Polyamide films and composite membranes with different surface chemistry were subjected to gypsum scaling by both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms. Results from quartz crystal microbalance experiments and dynamic membrane scaling tests show that differences in the polyamide surface chemistry do not influence long-term gypsum scaling behavior. We conclude that membrane surface roughness and hydrodynamic conditions have a greater effect than differences in surface chemistry on the gypsum scaling behavior of polyamide thin-film composite membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polyamide membrane surface chemistry on gypsum scaling behavior

Shaffer

Tousley

Elimelech

2017

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…[7][8][9][10] Polymer films with surface nanopores are better nucleants than smoother polymeric films. [11][12][13][14] Highly porous materials can also be extremely efficient nucleators, but this requires pores of optimal diameters. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Studies of crystal nucleation from vapour have provided even more conclusive evidence for the involvement of topography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Ice Nucleation from Supercooled Water Insensitive to Surface Roughness?

2015

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There is much evidence that nucleation of liquid droplets from vapour as well as nucleation of crystals from both solution and vapour occurs preferentially in surface defects such as pits and grooves. In the case of nucleation of solid from liquid (freezing) the situation is much less clear-cut. We have therefore carried out a study of the freezing of 50 µm diameter water drops on silicon, glass and mica substrates, and made quantitative comparisons for smooth substrates and those roughened by scratching with three diamond powders of different size distributions. In all cases, freezing occurred close to the expected homogeneous freezing temperature, and the nucleation rates were within the range of literature data. Surface roughening had no experimentally significant effect on any of the substrates studied. In particular, surface roughening of mica -which has been shown to cause dramatic differences in crystal nucleation from organic vapours -has an insignificant effect on ice nucleation from supercooled water. The results also show that glass, silicon and mica have at best only a marginal ice-nucleating capability which does not differ appreciably between the substrates.The lack of effect of roughness on freezing can be rationalised in terms of the relative magnitudes of interfacial free energies and the lack of a viable two-step mechanism, which allows vapour nucleation to proceed via a liquid intermediate.

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“…2, it is obvious that most elements were particularly concentrated at a few micrometers beneath the surface of RO membranes. (2)- (5), are also shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Vertical Distributions Of Scalants In the Ro Membranesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Scaling and fouling are two frequently observed problems in membrane-based treatment processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Recently, membrane-based processing technologies are increasingly adopted by the nuclear communities for the low-level radioactive liquid waste (LLRW) treatment [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%