CSEM technology as a value driver for hydrocarbon exploration

Hesthammer, Jonny; Stefatos, A.; Boulaenko, Mikhail; Vereshagin, A.; Gelting, Peter; Wedberg, Torolf C.; Maxwell, G.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.08.001

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The attenuation of EM energy with depth restricts the use of the technology. With the current source strengths, it is challenging to reach depths of more than 3 km below the seabed due to lower resolution and higher noise level than the real signal 16 . For subsurface storage, CO 2 is injected in its dense (supercritical) phase to a depth where the temperature and pressure keep the gas in the same phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring geological storage of CO2: a new approach

Fawad

Mondol

2021

Sci Rep

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Geological CO2 storage can be employed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, and coal beds are considered to be viable subsurface CO2 storage options. Remote monitoring is essential for observing CO2 plume migration and potential leak detection during and after injection. Leak detection is probably the main risk, though overall monitoring for the plume boundaries and verification of stored volumes are also necessary. There are many effective remote CO2 monitoring techniques with various benefits and limitations. We suggest a new approach using a combination of repeated seismic and electromagnetic surveys to delineate CO2 plume and estimate the gas saturation in a saline reservoir during the lifetime of a storage site. This study deals with the CO2 plume delineation and saturation estimation using a combination of seismic and electromagnetic or controlled-source electromagnetic (EM/CSEM) synthetic data. We assumed two scenarios over a period of 40 years; Case 1 was modeled assuming both seismic and EM repeated surveys were acquired, whereas, in Case 2, repeated EM surveys were taken with only before injection (baseline) 3D seismic data available. Our results show that monitoring the CO2 plume in terms of extent and saturation is possible both by (i) using a repeated seismic and electromagnetic, and (ii) using a baseline seismic in combination with repeated electromagnetic data. Due to the nature of the seismic and EM techniques, spatial coverage from the reservoir's base to the surface makes it possible to detect the CO2 plume’s lateral and vertical migration. However, the CSEM low resolution and depth uncertainties are some limitations that need consideration. These results also have implications for monitoring oil production—especially with water flooding, hydrocarbon exploration, and freshwater aquifer identification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring geological storage of CO2: a new approach

Fawad

Mondol

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Seismic methods are strong in the structure delineation but are weak in the fluid characterization of porous and permeable reservoirs [ Talwani and Zelt , ]. At the opposite, electromagnetic (EM) methods are weak in the structure delineation but are effective in characterizing the fluids of reservoirs [ Hesthammer et al , ; MacLennan et al , ; Revil , ]. Therefore, joint use of both the methods is advisable for the risk reduction in the offshore conditions [ Løseth et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microseisms and its impact on the marine‐controlled source electromagnetic signal

Bhatt

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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The marine-controlled source electromagnetic method (mCSEM) is employed for studying the electrical characteristics and fluid contents of sedimentary reservoirs. However, the success rate of the method can be improved significantly by finding the sources of electromagnetic noise and addressing the challenge posed by them at larger offsets where the reservoir signal is often weak. I have studied the mCSEM data and reporting an electromagnetic noise. The strength of the noise is observed 1600 times stronger than the seafloor mCSEM signal at 0.1 Hz. Moreover, the noise and the transmitted mCSEM signals are found coherent in interstation recordings. These readings suggest the severity of the noise. The source investigation presuming the observed noise as an infragravity wave failed to match the response. Then, the role of microseisms is investigated. Microseism causes oscillation of the seafloor and produces electromagnetic disturbances by the dynamics of water. I have used various conditions for a proper discrimination of the noise as microseisms. This mechanism is clearly illustrated with the help of a conceptual diagram. The role of the directionality is part of the study, which is argued for having a significant role in the generation of microseisms. In this paper, a new algorithm is presented and is used for calculating the coherency. The algorithm helps in mapping the coherency value simultaneously in time and frequency domains.

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“…The marine controlled source electromagnetic method (MCSEM) is a geophysical technique to detect hydrocarbon (Hesthammer et. al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%