CsIX/TRU Grout Feasibility Study

Losinski, S.J.; Barnes, Charles M.; Grover, B. K.

doi:10.2172/765733

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A more detailed feasibility study was performed later that year (Losinski, 1998). The treatment process defined in this study included removal of undissolved solids by filtration, removal of cesium by ion exchange using CST, and cement-based grouting.…”

Section: B-1 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Barnes¹,

Olson²,

Taylor³

2004

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A Settlement Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the State of Idaho mandates treatment of sodium-bearing waste (SBW) stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center located within the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). One of the requirements of the Settlement Agreement is to complete treatment of SBW by December 31, 2012. Hence, SBW disposition is one of the Idaho Operation Office's (NE-ID) and State of Idaho's top priorities at the INEEL.The INEEL has been working over the past several years to identify a treatment technology that meets NE-ID and regulatory treatment requirements, including consideration of stakeholder input. Many studies, including the High-Level Waste and Facilities Disposition Environmental Impact Statement, have resulted in the identification of five treatment alternatives that form a short list of perhaps the most appropriate technologies for the DOE to select from. The alternatives are (a) calcination with maximum achievable control technology (MACT) upgrade, (b) steam reforming, (c) cesium ion exchange (CsIX) with immobilization, (d) direct evaporation, and (e) vitrification. Each alternative has undergone some degree of applied technical development and preliminary process design over the past four years.Applied technology development and preliminary process design activities have been required to provide the data necessary for informed decision making and evaluation of the treatment options. A technically defensible selection of a SBW treatment process has been a key driver for the collection of needed data. This document presents a summary of the data gathered in recent years and evaluates the technical maturity of each option by listing and discussing the identified higher-risk technical uncertainties. The SBW issue and the five alternatives are described, and their technical performance (throughputs, waste product descriptions and volumes, preliminary facility footprints, etc.) is summarized in the main body. Details of preliminary process design and applied development activities for three of the alternatives (steam reforming, CsIX with immobilization, and direct evaporation) are presented in three appendices; a recent feasibility study provides the details for calcination. There have been no recent activities performed with regard to vitrification; that section summarizes and references previous work.

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Section: B-1 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations of the CsIX TRU grout process have been described in past studies (Raytheon, 2000;Valles, 1999;Losinski, 1998), and are briefly reviewed in Section 2.1. Variations in the CsIX TRU grout process could be categorized as differences in:…”

Section: Rh Tru Waste Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Barnes¹,

Olson²,

Taylor³

2004

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“…Although growth in plasticity of steels in the range of 700 to 900°C was repeatedly observed, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] true causes that offer the prospects of rolling of high-carbon highly-alloyed steels at moderately low temperatures remain unclear. A perspective way of gaining an insight into the regularities that make possible this type technology lies in an investigation of high-temperature mechanical properties and the effects of this treatment on the metal structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Plasticity of a Tool Steel Near .ALPHA.-.GAMMA. Transformation

2005

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Phase transformations, high-temperature mechanical properties of a tool steel as well as its structure before and after rolling were studied with the aim of clarifying why high-carbon highly-alloyed steels can be rolled with rather high degrees of deformation at moderately low temperatures (ϳ800°C). Three factors were found to bring the steel mechanical properties to the level that makes this type treatment possible. They are: 1) higher plasticity and lower strength of a-phase as compared with g-phase at the same temperature; 2) stability of the ferrite-carbide state up to temperatures exceeding 800°C; 3) plasticity induced by a→g transformation in the process of rolling.

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Solidification of Simulated Liquid Effluents Originating From Sodium-Bearing Waste at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, FY-03 Report

Raman¹,

Herbst²,

Scholes³

et al. 2003

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In this report, the mechanism and methods of fixation of acidic waste effluents in grout form are explored. From the variations in the pH as a function of total solids addition to acidic waste effluent solutions, the stages of gellation, liquefaction, slurry formation and grout development are quantitatively revealed. Experimental results indicate the completion of these reaction steps to be significant for elimination of bleed liquid and for setting of the grout to a dimensionally stable and hardened solid within a reasonable period of about twenty eight days that is often observed in the cement and concrete industry. The reactions also suggest increases in the waste loading in the direction of decreasing acid molarity. Consequently, 1.0 molar SBW-180 waste is contained in higher quantity than the 2.8 molar SBW-189, given the same grout formulation for both effluents. The variations in the formulations involving components of slag, cement, waste and neutralizing agent are represented in the form of a ternary formulation map. The map in turn graphically reveals the relations among the various formulations and grout properties, and is useful in predicting the potential directions of waste loading in grouts with suitable properties such as slurry viscosity, Vicat hardness, and mechanical strength. A uniform formulation for the fixation of both SBW-180 and SBW-189 has emerged from the development of the formulation map. The boundaries for the processing regime on this map are 100 wt% cement to 50 wt% cement / 50 wt% slag, with waste loadings ranging from 55 wt% to 68 wt%. Within these compositional bounds all the three waste streams SBW-180, SBW-189 and Scrub solution are amenable to solidification. A large cost advantage is envisaged to stem from savings in labor, processing time, and processing methodology by adopting a uniform formulation concept for fixation of compositionally diverse waste streams. The experimental efforts contained in this report constitute the first attempt at developing a uniform methodology. iv v EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe sodium bearing waste (SBW) is an acidic liquid solution of several nitrate components. In view of its acidic nature, one of the aims of the Idaho Completion Project is to have it removed from the storage tanks at Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), and have it transformed into a disposable solid. Two types of disposable solids are under consideration: grout and silica gel. Commercially available Portland cement, slag and silica gel have been used in the present project for solidifying the three types of waste streams SBW-180, SBW-189 and NWCF Scrub solutions. A large part of this report concentrates on the investigation of the waste fixation in a grout matrix, while preliminary results of waste adsorption onto silica gel are also presented. Neutralizing the waste solutions to a weaker acid is considered important from the point of inhibiting the corrosive effects on cesium ion exchange silico-titanate resins, and for enhancing the retention of wast...

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CsIX/TRU Grout Feasibility Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Enhanced Plasticity of a Tool Steel Near .ALPHA.-.GAMMA. Transformation

Solidification of Simulated Liquid Effluents Originating From Sodium-Bearing Waste at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, FY-03 Report

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