“…In recent debates, researchers have extended the view on CSR and investigated CSR from a supply chain's perspective (Ni and Li, ). In addition to some qualitative discussions (Carter and Jennings, ; Miralles et al., ), some mathematical models have been established to investigate CSR in supply chain management with various issues such as environment (Savaskan et al., ; Cruz, ; Plambeck and Taylor, ), stakeholder (Panda, ; Arya and Mittendorf, ; Panda et al., ; Bian et al., ), and general CSR (Ni and Li, ; Hsueh, ; Lambertini and Tampieri, ; Lambertini et al., ; Ma et al., ). Our article relates more to the research on general CSR because we incorporate both environmental and stakeholder factors into the model.…”