CT and radiographic evaluation of bronchial collapsibility at forced expiration in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs

Yoon, Hyeun Joong; Yu, Jin; An, Gayeon; Bang, Sohyun; Kwon, Dohoon; Kim, Hyunryung; Lee, Hanbin; Chang, Jinhwa; Chang, Dongwoo

doi:10.1111/vru.12829

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…18 It was also reported that the left-sided bronchi collapsed more than the right, but of the right-sided bronchi, the right middle bronchus collapsed the most. 7,18 In our study, there was not a clear distinction in the amount of collapse between right and left-sided bronchi. However, the right middle bronchus exhibited a high degree of collapse in both healthy and clinical dogs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Fluoroscopically measured bronchial collapse in healthy dogs during cough exceeds 25%, and a cutoff of 60% bronchial collapse can be used to distinguish healthy from chronically coughing dogs

Blank,

Granger,

Gaschen

et al. 2024

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bronchomalacia, the weakening of bronchial cartilage, is a common cause of cough in dogs. The gold standard for diagnosis of bronchomalacia is bronchoscopy; however, fluoroscopy is often used as a preliminary diagnostic test due to its noninvasiveness. The normal amount of bronchial collapse in healthy dogs using fluoroscopy has not been previously established, with some authors citing <25%. The aims of this prospective and retrospective analytical observational study were to determine the normal amount of airway collapse in healthy animals, the amount of airway collapse in dogs with chronic cough and presumed bronchomalacia, and cut‐off values of airway collapse during expiration and cough to distinguish between the two groups. Thoracic fluoroscopy was performed in right and left lateral recumbency during inspiration, expiration, and cough to evaluate the percentage collapse of the trachea and lobar bronchi in 45 healthy and 76 chronically coughing dogs. The bronchi of chronically coughing dogs exhibited a significantly greater amount of collapse during both expiration and cough compared with healthy dogs. Chronically coughing dogs exhibited up to 31.7 ± 26.6% collapse in expiration and 87.5 ± 23.7% collapse during cough, whereas healthy dogs exhibited 14.9 ± 6.1% collapse in expiration and 35.0 ± 13.7% collapse during cough. Based on ROC curves, the authors suggest using cut‐off values of 30% during expiration and 60% during cough to distinguish between healthy dogs and those with presumed bronchomalacia. Findings suggest that though healthy dogs can exhibit a greater degree of airway collapse than previously thought, fluoroscopy can be used to distinguish between healthy and presumed bronchomalacic dogs.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Fluoroscopically measured bronchial collapse in healthy dogs during cough exceeds 25%, and a cutoff of 60% bronchial collapse can be used to distinguish healthy from chronically coughing dogs

Blank,

Granger,

Gaschen

et al. 2024

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Resistance to upper airway flow causes more negative pressures within the oro‐, naso‐, and laryngopharynges, mediastinal airway and esophagus, and lungs and pleural space causing hiatal hernia and reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus 12,14,46 . The prevalence of hiatal hernia in this study (21%) was substantially lower than in BC dogs (44%); however, prevalence was similar when only cats with categories III and IV brachycephaly were considered (44%) 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Ala vestibuloplasty improves cardiopulmonary and activity‐related parameters in brachycephalic cats

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ala vestibuloplasty on cardiopulmonary and lifestyle-related parameters in brachycephalic (BC) cats.Study design: Prospective cohort. Animals: Client-owned BC cats (n = 19).Methods: Cats were assessed preoperatively by airway computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, contrast echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, and structured owner questionnaire. Ala vestibuloplasty was performed bilaterally, and blood values, imaging, and owner questionnaire responses were re-evaluated 8-20 weeks postoperatively.Results: Cats were presented for predominantly respiratory clinical signs attributable to brachycephaly. Preoperatively, all cats had stenotic nares, prolonged normalized pulmonary transit time (nPTT) (mean 5.43 ± 1.10 s), and a hyperattenuating pulmonary pattern. No complications occurred following surgery. Postoperatively, nPTT (mean 3.89 ± 0.74 s, p < .001) and frequencies of sneezing (p = .002), snoring (p = .006), open-mouth breathing (p = .0004), and nasal discharge (p = .019) were decreased. Cats exhibited increased activity (p = .005), less frequent dyspnea during activity (p < .001), longer duration of activity before becoming dyspneic (p = .002), faster recovery from activity (p < .001), and decreased respiratory noise (p < .001). Median questionnaire scores improved from preoperative to postoperative (p < .001).Conclusion: Anatomic, echocardiographic, and CT changes were common in this cohort of clinically affected BC cats. Pulmonary blood flow and respiratory function were improved after surgery.

show abstract

“…Some studies used CT to assess airway collapse of the mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi or both, with no metrics applied to the segmental and subsegmental bronchi, which is the definition of BM used in our study 13,14,26,27 . Artificial forced expiration using syringes to aspirate air from intubated dogs does not mimic the physiology of tidal breathing 14,27 and differs from the paired I/E : BH CTs performed in our study. These ventilator assisted breath‐holds allow comparison of inspiratory and expiratory CT scans to assess changes in airway caliber and the peribronchial lung parenchyma 6‐8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Limited studies using CT to diagnose BM are available. Some studies used CT to assess airway collapse of the mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi or both, with no metrics applied to the segmental and subsegmental bronchi, which is the definition of BM used in our study 13,14,26,27 . Artificial forced expiration using syringes to aspirate air from intubated dogs does not mimic the physiology of tidal breathing 14,27 and differs from the paired I/E : BH CTs performed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Gamracy

Wiggen

Vientós‐Plotts

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Reports of clinicopathologic features of bronchomalacia (BM) differ because of inconsistent definitions and frequent prevalence of comorbid cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to BM is poorly described. Objectives Dogs with BM will be older but of any somatotype, and increased expiratory effort, ≥1 comorbid disease, and PH will be more common than in dogs without BM. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 210) evaluated for respiratory signs. Methods Medical records of dogs with paired inspiratory: expiratory‐breath‐hold computed tomography, tracheobronchoscopy, or both between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between dogs with and without BM using Mann‐Whitney rank sum or χ2 tests (P < .05 significant were made). Because of high numbers of variables, criteria with high prevalence (>25%) were identified (n = 10) for univariate analysis (P < .005 significant). Significant variables were submitted for multivariate analysis. Results Bronchomalacia was identified in 41% of dogs of all sizes/somatotypes; 38% were >10 kg. All dogs with BM had ≥1 comorbid cardiopulmonary disorder. Dogs with BM were significantly older (P < .001), smaller (P < .001), and were more likely diagnosed with tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse (P < .001) or bronchiectasis (P < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations with age, tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse, and bronchiectasis. In dogs with BM, PH was more prevalent. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although significantly more common in older, smaller dogs, BM occurs in dogs of all sizes and in all instances with comorbidities. Echocardiography should be considered in dogs with BM to identify PH.

show abstract

CT and radiographic evaluation of bronchial collapsibility at forced expiration in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Fluoroscopically measured bronchial collapse in healthy dogs during cough exceeds 25%, and a cutoff of 60% bronchial collapse can be used to distinguish healthy from chronically coughing dogs

Fluoroscopically measured bronchial collapse in healthy dogs during cough exceeds 25%, and a cutoff of 60% bronchial collapse can be used to distinguish healthy from chronically coughing dogs

Ala vestibuloplasty improves cardiopulmonary and activity‐related parameters in brachycephalic cats

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About