“…To date, EAM has been applied to a variety of material systems, such as liquids, metals and alloys, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, nanostructures, and composite materials. Examples of problems that EAM has studied include structure, energetics and dynamics of lattice defects, [3][4][5] elastic response and phonons, [6][7][8] fracture and plastic deformation, [9][10][11] surface and surface growth, [12][13][14][15] thermodynamics properties, 16 phase transitions, 17 etc. The applications of EAM simulations have been reviewed in Ref.…”