Cuidado parental e apoio social em mães residentes na capital e interior de Santa Catarina

Abstract

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi investigar a relação entre cuidado parental e apoio social recebido por mães da capital e do interior de Santa Catarina. Participaram 50 mães de cada contexto, que responderam a duas escalas sobre cuidado parental. Uma que avalia a frequência de realização das práticas e outra que avalia o grau de importância atribuída às mesmas. Ambas as escalas eram compostas por itens relacionados às dimensões de cuidados primários e de estimulação. O apoio social foi avaliado através de uma terceira escala. Os resultados indicaram que: (a) existem diferenças significativas entre crenças sobre cuidado e apoio social das mães nos dois contextos, apontando para uma maior valorização dos cuidados primários e um maior apoio social entre as mães do interior; e (b) embora exista relação positiva entre apoio social e valorização dos cuidados de estimulação entre as mães da capital, o mesmo não se aplica às mães do interior; portanto, tal relação não pode ser aplicada indiscriminadamente, já que outras variáveis, possivelmente relacionadas ao contexto em que a mãe vive, influenciam suas crenças e práticas de cuidado. Rcncxtcu/ejcxg: cuidado parental; apoio social; contexto cultural. ABSTRACT Childrearing Practices and Social Support Among MothersLiving in the Capital and Countryside of Santa Catarina The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between mother's childrearing practices and their social support in the capital versus the countryside of Santa Catarina. In each cultural environment, fifty mothers participated in the study and were interviewed with two scales that evaluated their childrearing practices using two factors: primary care and stimulation. One scale evaluated the frequency of mother's childrearing practices and the other evaluated the degree of importance the mothers attributed to those practices. The mother's social support network was analyzed using a third scale. The results demonstrated that: (a) there was are significant differences in mother's reported childrearing practices and their social network between the cultural environments studied, suggesting that mothers from the countryside give more importance to primary care and have more extensive social support systems; and (b) even though there are some relationships between mother's childrearing practices and their social support, these relationships cannot be explained indiscriminately, once other variables, possibly related to mother's environment, interfere with their beliefs and practices regarding childcare.. Mg{yqtfu: childrearing practices; social network; cultural environment.A literatura contemporânea sobre desenvolvimento humano tem enfatizado a noção de que cada indivíduo se desenvolve em um ambiente específico, o qual possui uma organização particular de suas condições culturais. Nesse sentido, Harkness e Super (1992) criaram o conceito de nicho de desenvolvimento, des-

Using a Visualized Reaction-Time Task to Assess Implicit Cognition in Brazilian and Japanese-Descendant Children

“…This study suggested that Rio de Janeiro's urban environment would affect the level of collectivism of the Brazilian culture leading to a more individualist culture (Martins et al, 2009;Vieira et al, 2013). The results, on the opposite, are probably showing that even reducing the collectivist level by collecting data in an urban environment, Brazilian children still collectivists rather than individualists.…”

“…However, those results seem to vary in Brazil depending on demographic region-urban versus rural, size of town and religious beliefs (Gouveia, Andrade, Jesus, & Soares, 2002;Gouveia & Clemente, 2000). In fact, Brazilian urban areas show significant higher levels of individualism than its rural areas; also big cities, such as Rio de Janeiro or Florianopolis, showed significant differences in parenting style when compared to small cities (Martins et al, 2009;Vieira et al, 2013). This differentiation in parenting can lead to more autonomous and self-centered children in urban areas in Brazil in opposite to more group-centered children such as in Japanese or other Eastern cultures.…”

Beliefs of Mothers, Nannies, Grandmothers and Daycare Providers Concerning Childcare1

“…This finding is consistent with the results obtained in the study conducted by Seidl-de-Moura et al (2008), in which a tendency of more frequent face-to-face interactions was observed in the mother and one-month old infant pairs in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One should, however, consider the discussion presented in the study by Martins et al (2009), who compares two distinct Brazilian contexts. The study involves mothers from the capital not valuing childcare more than mothers living in the interior of the state.…”

“…One potential explanation is that the mothers and grandmothers studied by Ruela lived in rural areas. In the urban context, the generational differences may be minimized, influenced by the transformations that take place due to urbanization and education, as Martins et al (2009) seem to indicate.…”

“…Concerned with comparing distinct contexts in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, Martins et al (2009) analyzed parental care provided by mothers living in the capital and in cities in the interior of the state. The results concerning beliefs and care practices indicated that mothers in the interior of the state assign greater importance to basic care when compared to the mothers living in the capital.…”