CuInSe2 nano-crystallite reaction kinetics using solid state reaction from Cu2Se and In2Se3 powders

CuInSe2 Formation from CuSe/In2Se3 and Cu2Se/In2Se3 Powders: Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms

“…The estimated activation energy is close to a value of about 162 kJ/mol using In 2 Se 3 and CuSe as the raw materials reported by Kim et al . In our previous study, the reaction path and mechanism during calcination in air using the β‐Cu 2 Se (about 20 nm) and γ‐In 2 Se 3 (0.5‐2 μm) as the raw materials were investigated. CIS formation followed a diffusion‐controlled reaction with an apparent activation energy of about 122.5 kJ/mol.…”

“…On the other hand, In 3+ diffuses easily in the ion conducting β‐Cu 2 Se . Therefore, the CIS formation kinetics are dominated by the diffusion of In 3+ ions for the sample calcined in a non‐Se atmosphere . The mixed β‐Cu 2 Se and γ‐In 2 Se 3 powders were calcined in this study in a Se atmosphere.…”

“…Nanosolar Company has announced that a CIGS solar cell with an efficiency of 14% can be prepared using a nonvacuum process using binary selenide nanoparticles as the precursors . The CIS formation reaction mechanism and kinetics from Cu 2 Se or CuSe and In 2 Se 3 powders have rarely been reported . In our previous study, the reaction mechanism and CIS formation kinetics using a solid‐state reaction from Cu 2 Se/In 2 Se 3 powders in a nonselenium atmosphere were investigated.…”

“…Cu 2 Se and In 2 Se 3 phases reacted and directly transformed into α‐CIS without any intermediate phase and the size of the newly formed CIS crystallites was close to that of the Cu 2 Se reactant particle. This indicated the reaction kinetics may be dominated by In 3+ diffusion . The reaction path and phase evolution during CIS synthesis strongly depends on the kinds of binary selenides used and the annealing atmosphere .…”

Preparation and formation mechanism of silver gallium selenide powders prepared via the sol–gel method

“…Nonvacuum fabrications of thin-film solar cells involve such processes as the spin-coating method [15] and ink printing [16]. The ink printing method is considered a promising process because of the high material utilization, the ease of controlling the stoichiometry and the low manufacturing cost [17]. Additionally, this method can be applied to roll-to-roll processes for large scale fabrication.…”