Culex quinquefasciatus from areas with the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with Zika virus infections in the Northeast Region of Brazil are refractory to the virus

Fernandes, Rosilainy Surubi; Campos, Stéphanie Silva; Ribeiro, Paulino; Raphael, Lidiane Menezes Souza; Bonaldo, Myrna C.; Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/0074-02760170145

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…quinquefasciatus confirm that these mosquitoes are not competent for ZIKV transmission. Using field-collected Culex mosquitoes and ZIKV strains isolated from patients in the northeast region of Brazil as performed by Guedes et al [38], Fernandes et al [61] showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus populations were not competent for transmitting the virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Marques

Sreenu

et al. 2018

Journal of General Virology

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The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas raised many questions about the role of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in transmission, in addition to the key role played by the vector Aedes aegypti. Here we analysed the competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus (with or without Wolbachia endosymbionts) for a ZIKV isolate. We also examined the induction of RNA interference pathways after viral challenge and the production of small virus-derived RNAs. We did not observe any infection nor such small virus-derived RNAs, regardless of the presence or absence of Wolbachia. Thus, Cx. quinquefasciatus does not support ZIKV replication and Wolbachia is not involved in producing this phenotype. In short, these mosquitoes are very unlikely to play a role in transmission of ZIKV. Micronesia and then in French Polynesia in 2013-2014, and after affecting most of the South Pacific islands, the virus was eventually detected in the Americas in 2015 [1][2][3][4]. The increased number of infections in humans included cases with unusually severe symptoms such as Guillain-Barr e syndrome and developmental abnormalities in newborns that are now described as congenital Zika syndrome [5][6][7][8]. As there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapies, the only way to interrupt ZIKV transmission is by controlling mosquito populations [9]. An enzootic cycle limited to Africa and Asia with occasional spillover events has been described [10,11]. In the current outbreak in the Americas, ZIKV is believed to be mainly transmitted by the human-biting mosquito Aedes aegypti [12,13]. Whether a similar enzootic cycle in the Americas can be established is not known and it has been suggested that such a process would make eradication efforts 'practically impossible' [14]. Experimental infections with the epidemic ZIKV genotypes demonstrated that populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, which are associated with a risk of local transmission [15] as well other aedine species were heterogeneously and weakly competent for transmission [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the potential role of other anthropophilic mosquitoes in the ZIKV outbreak raised a question which took time to be addressed [26]. Culex quinquefasciatus Say is an opportunistic blood feeder predominant in urban settings throughout the tropics where it is frequently the most annoying biting pest to humans [27]. This night-active mosquito is also the vector of many pathogens including arboviruses such as West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses [28], which belong to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and are related to ZIKV. Both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens (from temperate regions) mosquitoes of the Cx. pipiens complex were not able to experimentally transmit ZIKV and no viral particles were detected in mosquito saliva up to 21 days after exposure to an infectious blood meal [17-20, 25, 29-36], though different results were recorded with other Cx. quinquefasciatus strains [37,38]. Even after injection o...

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confidence: 99%

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Marques

Sreenu

et al. 2018

Journal of General Virology

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“…quinquefasciatus for ZIKV in China. In contrast, several other studies have demonstrated the lack of ability of this mosquito to infect and transmit ZIKV (46–48). These results confirm that the vector competence of the same mosquito species can vary geographically, emphasizing the importance of studying the vector competence of different mosquitoes and from different localities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for Mayaro virus

Moreira

Pereira

Carvalho

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractNewly emerging or re-emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human morbidity and mortality nearly worldwide. Arboviruses such as Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) underwent an extensive geographic expansion in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In the Americas the main vectors, for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, are mosquito species adapted to urban environments namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, whereas the main vector for WNV is the Culex quinquefasciatus. Given the widespread distribution in the Americas and high permissiveness to arbovirus infection, theses mosquito species might pose an important role in the epidemiology of other arboviruses normally associated to sylvatic vectors. Here, we test this hypothesis by determining the vector competence of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus to Mayaro (MAYV) virus, a sylvatic arbovirus transmitted mainly by Haemagogus janthinomys that have been causing an increasing number of outbreaks in South America namely in Brazil. Using field mosquitoes from Brazil, female mosquitoes were experimentally infected and their competence for dissemination and transmission for MAYV was evaluated. We found high dissemination rate for MAYV in Ae. aegypti (57.5%) and Ae. albopictus (61.6%), whereas very low rates were obtained for Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.5%). Concordantly, we observed that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have high transmission ability (69.5% and 71.1% respectively), conversely to Cx. quinquefasciatus that is not able to transmit the MAYV. Notably, we found that very low quantities of virus present in the saliva (undetectable by RT-qPCR) were sufficient and virulent enough to guarantee transmission. Although Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are not the main vectors for MAYV, our studies suggest that these vectors may play a significant role in the transmission of this arbovirus, since both species showed high vector competence in laboratory conditions.Author summaryThe present study showed that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes have high vector competence for MAYV, in laboratory. In contrast, Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were shown to be refractory to MAYV. Regarding the viral dilution and nanoinjection, higher detection sensitivity was observed after virus nanoinjection into naïve mosquitoes, indicating that only a few viral particles are required to infect mosquitoes, and these particles may not be detected by RT-qPCR before the nanoinjection procedure.

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“…Seven studies found that Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were refractory to Zika virus when exposed to infectious blood meals [128,134–139]. Ferreira-de-Brito et al [129] reported that no Cx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors

Jones

Kulkarni

Davidson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27 Background 28 Three arthorpod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus 29 of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and 30 epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of 31 infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with 32 moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, 33 Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the world's most prominent arboviral vectors, 34 and are known primary vectors for all three viruses in the Americas. 35 Objectives 2 36 This review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the biology 37 and ecology of vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus 38 transmission. The rationale of the review was to elucidate consensus and discord between 39 studies, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps. 40 Results 41 A total of 196 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and 42 subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, duplicate records, and 43 studies unavailable in English language. 44 Key findings 45 Temperature and humidity have the strongest impact on mosquito distribution and 46 dynamics, development of immatures and arborviral infection rates. Low socioeconomic status 47 and related factors, including poor infrastructure, inconsistent access to water, and high 48 household resident density, have been consistently associated with arbovirus vector occurrence. 49 Effects of interspecific competition on arboviral vector species is currently poorly understood. 50 Vector competence for Zika virus is well established for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. 51 Information on Zika virus vector transmission dynamics is sparse in contrast to the wealth of 52 research available for dengue and chikungunya viruses. 53 Conclusions 54Based on the internationally recognized urgency of Zika virus infection as a public health 55 concern, further research on arbovirus vectors and transmission dynamics is of pressing need. 56 57

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Culex quinquefasciatus from areas with the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with Zika virus infections in the Northeast Region of Brazil are refractory to the virus

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for Mayaro virus

Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors

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