Cultivable microbiota associated with <i>Aurelia aurita</i> and <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i>

Weiland‐Bräuer, Nancy; Prasse, Daniela; Bräuer, Annika; Jaspers, Cornelia; Reusch, Thorsten B. H.; Schmitz, Ruth A.

doi:10.1002/mbo3.1094

Cited by 13 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Husbandry and generation of sterile polyps are described in detail in previous studies by Weiland-Bräuer et al (Weiland-Bräuer et al 2015;Weiland-Bräuer et al 2020a;Weiland-Bräuer et al 2020b). Briefly, polyps of sub-population North Atlantic (Roscoff, France) were kept in the laboratory at 20 °C in 30 PSU artificial seawater (ASW containing 3 % w/v Tropical Sea Salts, Tropic Marin) and fed twice a week with freshly hatched Artemia salina (HOBBY, Grafschaft-Gelsdorf).…”

Section: Aurelia Aurita Polyp Husbandry and Generation Of Sterile Polypsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community changes correlate with impaired host fitness ofAurelia auritaafter environmental challenge

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Chibani

Güllert

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Climate change globally endangers certain marine species, but at the same time, such changes may promote species that can tolerate and adapt to varying environmental conditions. Such acclimatization can be accompanied or possibly even be enabled by a host’s microbiome; however, few studies have so far directly addressed this process. Here we show that acute, individual rises in seawater temperature and salinity to sub-lethal levels diminished host fitness of the benthicAurelia auritapolyp, demonstrated by up to 34 % reduced survival rate, shrinking of the animals, and almost halted asexual reproduction. Changes in the fitness of the polyps to environmental stressors coincided with microbiome changes, mainly within the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. The absence of bacteria amplified these effects, pointing to the crucial importance of a balanced microbiota to cope with a changing environment. In a future ocean scenario, mimicked by a combined but milder rise of temperature and salinity, the fitness of polyps was severely less impaired, together with condition-specific changes in the microbiome composition. Our results show that the effects on host fitness correlate with the strength of environmental stress, while salt-conveyed thermotolerance might be involved. Further, a specific, balanced microbiome ofA. auritapolyps is essential for the host’s acclimatization. Microbiomes may provide a means for acclimatization, and microbiome flexibility can be a fundamental strategy for marine animals to adapt to future ocean scenarios and maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

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Section: Aurelia Aurita Polyp Husbandry and Generation Of Sterile Polypsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community changes correlate with impaired host fitness ofAurelia auritaafter environmental challenge

Pinnow

Chibani

Güllert

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Stimulation with bacterial N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone downregulated genes related to immunity and apoptosis, potentially aiding the sponge to monitor and regulate microbial populations (Gardères et al, 2014). Symbiotic microbial cells in turn, are highly likely to produce molecules that allow them to disrupt QS signals, also known as quorum quenching (QQ) and quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) to control behavior of the microbial community, coordinate virulence, and biofilm development as described in clinical pathogens and host-associated microbes (Gutiérrez-Barranquero et al, 2019;Weiland-Bräuer et al, 2020). Since QS is a key regulator of bacterial behavior is not surprising that hosts have evolved mechanisms to interfere the bacterial QS as well, through production of molecules with AHL-mimicry or enzymatic degradation of AHLs.…”

Section: Symbiont-mediated Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

et al. 2022

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Sponges host dense and diverse communities of microbes (known as the microbiome) beneficial for the host nutrition and defense. Symbionts in turn receive shelter and metabolites from the sponge host, making their relationship beneficial for both partners. Given that sponge-microbes associations are fundamental for the survival of both, especially the sponge, such relationship is maintained through their life and even passed on to the future generations. In many organisms, the microbiome has profound effects on the development of the host, but the influence of the microbiome on the reproductive and developmental pathways of the sponges are less understood. In sponges, microbes are passed on to oocytes, sperm, embryos, and larvae (known as vertical transmission), using a variety of methods that include direct uptake from the mesohyl through phagocytosis by oocytes to indirect transmission to the oocyte by nurse cells. Such microbes can remain in the reproductive elements untouched, for transfer to offspring, or can be digested to make the yolky nutrient reserves of oocytes and larvae. When and how those decisions are made are fundamentally unanswered questions in sponge reproduction. Here we review the diversity of vertical transmission modes existent in the entire phylum Porifera through detailed imaging using electron microscopy, available metabarcoding data from reproductive elements, and macroevolutionary patterns associated to phylogenetic constraints. Additionally, we examine the fidelity of this vertical transmission and possible reasons for the observed variability in some developmental stages. Our current understanding in marine sponges, however, is that the adult microbial community is established by a combination of both vertical and horizontal (acquisition from the surrounding environment in each new generation) transmission processes, although the extent in which each mode shapes the adult microbiome still remains to be determined. We also assessed the fundamental role of filtration, the cellular structures for acquiring external microbes, and the role of the host immune system, that ultimately shapes the stable communities of prokaryotes observed in adult sponges.

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“…Particularly, the study of invertebrate-microbiota interactions broadens the metaorganism concept and allows disentangling core mechanisms of host-microbe interaction as well as the underlying regulatory principles (2). Recently, we established the moon jelly sh Aurelia aurita as a model organism for metaorganism research (11,28,29). This host (a member of the Cnidarian) is one of the most widely studied Scyphozoans (30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asexual reproduction of Aurelia aurita depends on the presence of a balanced microbiome at polyp stage

Jensen

Weiland‐Bräuer

Joel

et al. 2023

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The Cnidarian Aurelia aurita undergoes a complex life cycle alternating between the benthic polyp to the pelagic medusa. In absence of its natural microbiome, the asexual reproduction of this jellyfish is severely comprised, with limited strobilation and ephyrae release, whereas the recolonization of sterile polyps can restore this defect. Yet, the timing and molecular consequences of the microbiome during the strobilation process had not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that a microbiota must be present at the polyp stage, before strobilation is initiated, to ensure normal asexual reproduction and a successful polyp-to-jellyfish transition. Addition of a microbiota at later stages of sterile animals failed to restore the defected process. Absence of a microbiome was accompanied with reduced transcription of developmental and strobilation genes. The transcription of strobilation genes was exclusively observed for native and recolonized polyps, pointing to the microbiome's impact on the strobilation process at the molecular level. Moreover, direct cell contact between the host and the bacteria was required for the generation of normal offspring. Overall, this study demonstrates that the timing of the host-microbe interaction in this developmental animal model is crucial, with the microbial impact being essential at the polyp stage, to ensure normal polyp-to-jellyfish transition.

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Cultivable microbiota associated with Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi

Cited by 13 publications

References 94 publications

Microbial community changes correlate with impaired host fitness ofAurelia auritaafter environmental challenge

Microbial community changes correlate with impaired host fitness ofAurelia auritaafter environmental challenge

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

Asexual reproduction of Aurelia aurita depends on the presence of a balanced microbiome at polyp stage

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