Cultivation and Transmission of Etiological Agent of Kidney Disease in Salmonid Fishes

Ordal, Erling J.; Earp, Brian J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-92-22392

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…He noted that strains of Corynebacterium sp. (the genus to which the kidney disease bacterium was once thought to belong; Ordal & Earp 1956) were among the bacteria that were readily inactivated by UV irradiation, but he did not specifically mention the kidney disease bacterium. Clearly, more studies are necessary to determine the utility of disinfection or sterilization of water supplies for the control of BKD.…”

Section: Prevention Of Horizontal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the control of bacterial kidney disease of salmonid fishes

Elliott¹,

Pascho²,

Bullock³

1989

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT. Bacterial kidney disease of salmonid fishes, caused by Renibactenum salrnoninarum, was first reported more than 50 yr ago; nevertheless, large gaps persist in our knowledge of the infectionparticularly in methods for its control. In the 1950's, principal control measures consisted of prophylactic or therapeutic feeding of sulfonamides, which were later supplanted by the antibiotic erythromycin. Chemotherapy has effected some reduction of mortality, but benefits are typically transient and mortality usually resumes after the drug is withdrawn. Some studies have indicated that diet composition affects the prevalence and severity of the disease. Although tests of chemotherapeutants and diet modification have continued, research emphasis has shifted partly toward prevention of the disease by breaking the infection cycle. It is now generally accepted that R. salrnoninarum can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Experimental ev~dence indicates that immersion of newly fertilized eggs in iodophor or erythromycin does not prevent vertical transmission. However, the injection of female salmon with erythromycin before they spawn shows promise as a practical means of interrupting vertical transmission. The results of attempts to prevent infection of juvenile salmonids by vaccination against bacterial kidney disease have been disappointing, thus underscoring a basic need for a better understanding of protective mechanisms in salmonids. The recent development of more sensitive and quantitative detection methods should aid in evaluating the efficacy of current and future control strategies.

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Section: Prevention Of Horizontal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the control of bacterial kidney disease of salmonid fishes

Elliott¹,

Pascho²,

Bullock³

1989

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…On the other hand, some methanethiol-producing 'cheese coryneform bacteria' (Sharpe, Law & Phillips, 1976) (Group F, ~2 4 to ~2 8 ) and the 'Corynebacterium' sp. KD, pathogenic for trout and salmon (Ordal & Earp, 1956) (Group F, HI^), did not contain mycolic acids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-layer Chromatographic Analysis of Mycolic Acid and Other Long-chain Components in Whole-organism Methanolysates of Coryneform and Related Taxa

Goodfellow¹,

Collins²,

Minnikin³

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YAcid methanolysates of strains representing 58 coryneform taxa were examined for mycolic acids and other long-chain constituents by thin-layer chromatography. Mycolic esters were detected in the methanolysates of true corynebacteria but not in those from plant pathogenic bacteria, Corynebacterium haemolyticum, Corynebacterium pyogenes or from representatives of the genera Arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium, Kurthia or Oerskovia. Thin-layer chromatography of whole-organism inethanolysates provides a simple method for distinguishing true corynebacteria from coryneforms which do not contain mycolic acids, and from nocardiae and mycobacteria which produce mycolic acids of different mobility. At present the mycolic esters of true corynebacteria cannot be clearly separated from those of some rhodochrous strains.

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“…Ordal and Earp (17) initially cultured the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease and identified it on the basis of its morphological appearance, as a species of Corynebacterium. Smith (25) concluded that Dee disease of salmonids in Scotland and bacterial kidney disease were caused by the same bacterium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these two publications, no further studies on the classification of the kidney disease bacterium (KDB) have been reported. The fastidious requirements for cultivation and the slow growth of the KDB (9,17,25) (29). Material from these lesions was inoculated onto cysteine blood agar modified by substituting calf serum (10 to 2076, vol/vol) for human blood (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%