Cultivation of Inonotus hispidus in Stirred Tank and Wave Bag Bioreactors to Produce the Natural Colorant Hispidin

Abstract

Hispidin (6-(3,4-dihydroxystyrl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone) production in submerged cultured mycelia of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus was doubled in shake flasks through irradiation with white light. The daily addition of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide as a chemical stressor and a repeated supplementation of the shake flask cultures with 2 mM caffeic acid, a biogenetic precursor, further increased the hispidin synthesis. These cultivation conditions were combined and applied to parallel fermentation trials on the 4 L scale using a classical stirred tank bioreactor and a wave bag bioreactor. No significant differences in biomass yield and colorant production were observed. The hispidin concentration in both bioreactors reached 5.5 g·L−1, the highest ever published. Textile dyeing with hispidin was successful, but impeded by its limited light stability in comparison to industrial dyes. However, following the idea of sustainability and the flawless toxicity profile, applications in natural cosmetics, other daily implements, or even therapeutics appear promising.

Comparison of Pigment Production by Filamentous Fungal Strains under Submerged (SmF) and Surface Adhesion Fermentation (SAF)

“…As expected, in accordance with SAF advantages, SSF has enormous potential for industrial pigment production using P. mallochii LMB-HP37 and T. brunneus LMB-HP43 strains. Moreover, this controlled fermentations system (SAF) could be applied for basidiomycetes, which constitutes another important group for pigment biosynthesis [ 76 ] and production, as was reported for Laetiporus sulphureus [ 77 ] and Inonotus hispidus [ 78 ], among others. From these results, further approaches including transcriptomic analysis of pigment biosynthesis and genomics-driven optimization processes should be considered, so that productivity parameters can be also validated on natural substrates.…”

Improving the stability and activity of a dye-decolourizing peroxidase using NADESs

“…42 9% (v/v) emulsion or annatto (Oterra, Nienburg), 100 mM hydrogen peroxide, 25 mM manganese sulphate, 50 mM malonic acid buffer pH 4, 22% hispidin and laetiporic acid were extracted from fungal biomass using methanol as described elsewhere. 43,44 20 mL of these extracts were transferred into an aqueous emulsion as described for b-carotene.…”

Pilot-Scale Production of the Natural Colorant Laetiporic Acid, Its Stability and Potential Applications

“…Accelerated light stability tests were performed, as described previously [20]. In addition, the samples were tested for their color fastness during washing according to DIN EN ISO 105-C06:2010-08 [21].…”