Culturable autochthonous gut bacteria in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets with or without chitin. Characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ability to produce enzymes and in vitro growth inhibition of four fish pathogens

Askarian, Fatemeh; Zhou, Zhigang; Olsen, Rolf Erik; Sperstad, Sigmund; Ringø, Einar

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.10.016

Cited by 151 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…Previous investigations have suggested benefi cial attributes of the gut bacteria in the digestive processes of fi sh (Austin 2006, Nayak 2010. Likely use of extracellular enzyme producing bacteria as probiotics have called attention to promote nutritional benefi ts in the Indian major carps and other cultivable fi sh (Ghosh et al 2002a, 2002b, Askarian et al 2012. Therefore, in view of inducing improved nutrient utilization in fi sh, exogenous enzyme producing ability was considered as the primary criteria for the candidate probionts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, enzyme-producing B. thuringiensis isolated from the GI tract of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758, was shown to inhibit A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and 3 other pathogenic bacteria (Askarian et al 2012). Extracellular digestive enzyme-producing B. subtilis BHI344 isolated from the GI tract of the channel catfi sh, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafi nesque, 1818), was shown to inhibit (in vitro) the growth of pathogenic A. hydrophila, A. sobria, and A. caviae (see Luo et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection and probiotic characterization of exoenzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of Catla catla (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Dutta¹

2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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. 2015. Selection and probiotic characterization of exoenzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of Catla catla (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (4): 373-384.Background. Exoenzyme-producing gut microbiota and their likely use as probionts have been widely investigated in major carps. However, reports on exoenzyme-producing capacity together with inhibition of fi sh pathogens are scarce. The presently reported study aimed at characterization of novel probionts from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract of an Indian major carp-catla, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) depending upon extracellular enzyme-production, antagonism against Aeromonas spp., growth in fi sh mucus, bile tolerance, and bio-safety to the target fi sh. Materials and methods. GI tracts were divided into proximal and distal parts, homogenized, and plated onto selective media plates following enrichment culture technique. Exoenzyme-producing isolates were selected through qualitative and quantitative assay of 6 enzymes. Inhibition of Aeromonas spp. was tested through 'cross-streaking' and 'double-layer' method. Tolerance to GI condition was determined by growth in sterilized fi sh mucus and exposure to bile juice. Bio-safety evaluation was done by intra-peritoneal injection of live candidate probiotics and co-culture with autochthonous gut bacteria. Further, 16S rDNA fragments from the putative probiotics were sequenced, edited, analysed, identifi ed, and deposited to the GenBank. Results. Seventeen potent isolates were primarily selected through the ability of producing extracellular enzymes, viz., amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, phytase, and xylanase. Further study portraying antagonism against Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, and A. veronii led to select the strains CCH1A and CCH1Ph as putative probiotics. Both the strains were competent to grow in intestinal mucus and could resist diluted bile juice (9% and 10.5%, respectively). The isolates did not produce any disease symptom or mortality in Catla catla fi ngerlings during the 21 day trial and were competent to grow with other autochthonous isolates. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strains CCH1A and CCHIPh were identifi ed as Bacillus aerius (KF623288) and Bacillus sonorensis (KF623289), respectively. Conclusion. Exoenzyme-producing gut bacteria may inhibit the growth of pathogenic Aeromonas spp. and tolerate gastrointestinal condition. Further research is inevitable to explore their potentialities in aquaculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and probiotic characterization of exoenzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of Catla catla (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Dutta¹

2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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“…Degradation of phytic acid through the action of phytases produced by microbiota is well known in ruminants (Selinger et al 1996, Yanke et al 1998, Lan et al 2011. Further, phytase-producing bacteria isolated from fish gut have also been reported (Li et al 2008, Roy et al 2009, Askarian et al 2012a. Li et al (2008) documented phytase-producing marine yeast strain Kodamea ohmeri BG3 isolated from the gut of a marine fish, Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks, 1895.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Identification of Gut-Associated Phytase-Producing Bacteria in Some Freshwater Fish Cultured in Ponds

Khan¹,

Ghosh²

2012

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Khan A., Ghosh K. 2012. Characterization and identification of gut-associated phytase-producing bacteria in some fresh water fish cultured in ponds. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 42 (1): 37-45.Background. Phytase produced by gut bacteria increases the availability of phosphorus and other important nutrients in ruminants by virtue of enzymatic hydrolysis of the phytic acid, an antinutritional factor present in the majority of plant feedstuffs. This topic, however, has been insufficiently investigated in fish. This study was intended: to evaluate the presence of phytase-producing autochthonous bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of 14 freshwater teleost fishes; and to identify the most promising phytase-producing strains by phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA. Materials and methods. The GI tracts were removed and divided into proximal (PI) and distal (DI) intestine.Homogenates of intestinal segments were spread onto sterilized tryptone soya agar and modified phytase screening media (MPSM) plates to determine autochthonous culturable heterotrophic and phytase-producing microbiota, respectively. Data were presented as log viable counts (LVC) g-1 intestine. Out of 95 phytase-producing isolates, primarily selected 32 isolates were studied for phytase-assay using MPSM broth. Promising phytase-producing isolates were evaluated for other exo-enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase) using 4 selective media. Two most promising phytase-producing isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA.Results. Population of heterotrophic bacteria was highest (LVC = 8.29 g -1 intestine) in the DI of Gudusia chapra followed by DI of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (LVC = 6.82 g -1 intestine). However, more than log 4 reduction of the phytase-producing bacteria was observed compared to heterotrophic bacteria. Phytase-producing microbiota was highest in the PI of G. chapra (LVC = 3.95 g -1 intestine) followed by PI of Labeo calbasu (LVC = 3.78 g -1 intestine). The strain LB1.4 isolated from DI of Labeo bata showed highest phytase activity (2.33 ± 0.006 U · mL -1 ) followed by the strain GC1.2 (2.19 ± 0.018 U · mL -1 ) isolated from PI of G. chapra. Both isolates were efficient in producing other exo-enzymes. Phenotypic characterization and nucleotide homology analysis revealed that the isolates LB1.4 and GC1.2 were similar to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus, respectively. Conclusion. Autochthonous phytate degrading bacteria were present in the GI tract of fish that might endow ecological advantages to overcome the anti-nutritional effects of plant phytate.Keywords: Gut bacteria, phytase, Bacillus, freshwater teleost, 16S rDNA During the last decade there has been an improved understanding on the importance of commensal intestinal microbiota in fish ). The gut microbiota may be categorized as either autochthonous (indigenous; adherent) or allochthonous (transient) depending upon its ability to adhere and colonize the mucus layer in the digestive tract (Ringø and Birkbeck 1999, Ringø et al. 2003). P...

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“…In fish studies, the antagonistic effect of LAB has been carried out on Gram-negative fish pathogens such as V anguillarum and A salmonicida [3,21,[38][39][40]. In the present study strong growth inhibition of Y. rückeri was recorded from extracellular extracts from late exponential growth phase from all of the eleven Carnobacteria strains isolated from the ex vivo experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2011

J Aquac Res Development

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Culturable autochthonous gut bacteria in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets with or without chitin. Characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ability to produce enzymes and in vitro growth inhibition of four fish pathogens

Cited by 151 publications

References 49 publications

Selection and probiotic characterization of exoenzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of Catla catla (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Selection and probiotic characterization of exoenzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of Catla catla (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Characterization and Identification of Gut-Associated Phytase-Producing Bacteria in Some Freshwater Fish Cultured in Ponds

Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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