Culturable microorganisms from the earthworm digestive tract

Byzov, B. A.; Nechitaylo, Taras Y.; Bumazhkin, B. K.; Кураков, А. В.; Golyshin, Peter N.; Zvyagintsev, D. G.

doi:10.1134/s0026261709030151

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Indeed, narG sequences related to those detected in this study have been retrieved from soil (11,14,20,49). Species of detected genera have been cultured from earthworm gut contents and casts (9,24,28,32,37,69). Most narG transcripts retrieved from earthworm guts were affiliated with Mycobacterium ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Depkat-Jakob

Hilgarth

Horn

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The earthworm gut is an anoxic nitrous oxide (N 2 O)-emitting microzone in aerated soils. In situ conditions of the gut might stimulate ingested nitrate-reducing soil bacteria linked to this emission. The objective of this study was to determine if dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers in the alimentary canal were affected by feeding guilds (epigeic [Lumbricus rubellus], anecic [Lumbricus terrestris], and endogeic [Aporrectodea caliginosa]). Genes and gene transcripts of narG (encodes a subunit of nitrate reductase and targets both dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers) and nosZ (encodes a subunit of N 2 O reductase and targets denitrifiers) were detected in guts and soils. Gut-derived sequences were similar to those of cultured and uncultured soil bacteria and to soil-derived sequences obtained in this study. Gut-derived narG sequences and narG terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) were affiliated mainly with Gram-positive organisms (Actinobacteria). The majority of gut-and uppermost-soil-derived narG transcripts were affiliated with Mycobacterium (Actinobacteria). In contrast, narG sequences indicative of Gram-negative organisms (Proteobacteria) were dominant in mineral soil. Most nosZ sequences and nosZ TRFs were affiliated with Bradyrhizobium (Alphaproteobacteria) and uncultured soil bacteria. TRF profiles indicated that nosZ transcripts were more affected by earthworm feeding guilds than were nosZ genes, whereas narG transcripts were less affected by earthworm feeding guilds than were narG genes. narG and nosZ transcripts were different and less diverse in the earthworm gut than in mineral soil. The collective results indicate that dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers in the earthworm gut are soil derived and that ingested narG-and nosZ-containing taxa were not uniformly stimulated in the guts of worms from different feeding guilds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Depkat-Jakob

Hilgarth

Horn

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Alpha-, Beta-and GammaProteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes are potentially dominant taxa in the earthworm gut, as determined on the basis of 16S rRNA gene analyses (Furlong et al, 2002;Singleton et al, 2003;Knapp et al, 2009). Furthermore, species related to Aeromonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, 'Paenibacillaceae', Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae and Actinobacteria have been isolated from the alimentary canals of earthworms (Ihssen et al, 2003;Horn et al, 2005;Byzov et al, 2009;Knapp et al, 2009). These findings show the diverse taxa that might be metabolically active in the earthworm gut, many of which might participate in polymer hydrolysis in situ (MartinCarnahan and Joseph, 2005;Bernadet and Bowman, 2006;Priest, 2009).…”

Section: Fermentative Processes and General Diversity In Gut Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the occurrence of H 2 and organic acids is evidence for in situ fermentation, the fermentative microorganisms in the alimentary canal are unknown. Indeed, although diverse bacteria are present in the earthworm gut (Karsten and Drake, 1997;Furlong et al, 2002;Ihssen et al, 2003;Singleton et al, 2003;Horn et al, 2005;Byzov et al, 2009), active bacterial taxa remain unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae as active fermenters in earthworm gut content

2010

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The earthworm gut provides ideal in situ conditions for ingested heterotrophic soil bacteria capable of anaerobiosis. High amounts of mucus-and plant-derived saccharides such as glucose are abundant in the earthworm alimentary canal, and high concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and organic acids in the alimentary canal are indicative of ongoing fermentations. Thus, the central objective of this study was to resolve potential links between fermentations and active fermenters in gut content of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based stable isotope probing, with [ 13 C]glucose as a model substrate. Glucose consumption in anoxic gut content microcosms was rapid and yielded soluble organic compounds (acetate, butyrate, formate, lactate, propionate, succinate and ethanol) and gases (carbon dioxide and H 2 ), products indicative of diverse fermentations in the alimentary canal. Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were users of glucose-derived carbon. On the basis of the detection of 16S rRNA, active phyla in gut contents included Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia, taxa common to soils. On the basis of a 16S rRNA gene similarity cutoff of 87.5%, 82 families were detected, 17 of which were novel family-level groups. These findings (a) show the large diversity of soil taxa that might be active during gut passage, (b) show that Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (fermentative subsets of these taxa) are selectively stimulated by glucose and might therefore be capable of consuming mucus-and plant-derived saccharides during gut passage and (c) indicate that ingested obligate anaerobes and facultative aerobes from soil can concomitantly metabolize the same source of carbon.

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“…3). It has been shown that symbiotic bacteria colonize the excretion organs of earthworms (4) and that gut tissue harbors microbes that might be opportunistically attached to it (2,28,31).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Methane by Eudrilus eugeniae and Other Earthworms from Brazil

Depkat-Jakob

Hunger

Schulz

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTEarthworms emit denitrification-derived nitrous oxide and fermentation-derived molecular hydrogen. The present study demonstrated that the earthwormEudrilus eugeniae, obtained in Brazil, emitted methane. Other worms displayed a lesser or no capacity to emit methane. Gene and transcript analyses ofmcrA(encoding the alpha subunit of methyl-CoM reductase) in gut contents ofE. eugeniaesuggested thatMethanosarcinaceae,Methanobacteriaceae, andMethanomicrobiaceaemight be associated with this emission.

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Culturable microorganisms from the earthworm digestive tract

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae as active fermenters in earthworm gut content

Emission of Methane by Eudrilus eugeniae and Other Earthworms from Brazil

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