Cultural antecedents of inbound tourism in five Asian and Middle East countries: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis

Abstract

This study illustrates the effects of national culture on tourists' destination choices to Asian and the Middle East. This study clarifies how national cultural configurations indicate international tourists' willingness‐to‐travel to destinations. Five countries in this region—India, Iran, China, Egypt, and Jordan—were selected as destinations of outbound tourism in world counties. Fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis approach was applied to consider how complex configurations of national culture affect international tourism in countries mentioned. The study examines 6 attributes/conditions to explain outcomes. Results demonstrated that configurations that more important in selection Asian and Middle East destinations are presences of happiness and absences of cultural distance, dynamic externality, and societal cynicism. This study supports the cultural values and the cultural distance between origins and destinations, one of the antecedents of tourists' behaviours.

Gastronomy experiential traits and their effects on intentions for recommendation: A fuzzy set approach

“…QCA has since been adopted across a wide range of disciplines (Ragin, ; Rihoux, ). However, there has been only limited application of this method in tourism studies (Correia, Kozak, & Kim, ; D'Urso, Disegna, Massari, & Osti, ; Fotiadis, Yeh, & Huan, ; Ham, Koo, & Chung, ; Hashemi & Hanser, ; Kallmuenzer, Kraus, Peters, Steiner, & Cheng, ; Papatheodorou & Pappas, ; Woodside et al, ). For example, Woodside et al () adopted QCA to explain the general theory of cultural consequences.…”

“…D'Urso et al () adopted fuzzy set theory to understand clustering tourism cohorts that demonstrate group organization. In a study of Hashemi and Hanser (), QCA identified the influence of national culture on tourists' destination choices in Asia and the Middle East. Their study showed that, from a mixture of six different conditions affecting the selection of destination, cultural values and the cultural distance of a destination relative to tourists' origin country were particularly influential in explaining tourists' intentions.…”

Entrepreneurship in tourism firms: A mixed-methods analysis of performance driver configurations

“…Using the analytical technique of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) (Ragin, 2008;Woodside, 2013), which has been employed in about 100 scholarly publications and is novel to tourism literature (e.g., Azimi Hashemi & Hanser, 2018;Elbaz, Haddoud, & Shehawy, 2018), this study investigates the configurational interaction of factors in tourism leading to higher firm performance. Findings support the relevance of EO as a multidimensional construct (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996), which means that not all three dimensions have to be present simultaneously for a firm to be entrepreneurial.…”

Happiness and Cultural Tourism: The Perspective of Civil Participation

“…These specific aspects do not prevent the emergence of genuine reasons for the improvement of happiness in cultural tourism experiences. Cultural tourism is one of the hugest types of leisure generating happiness [54]. Other authors probe that responsible happiness processes are present in tourism when the visitors live altruistic and meaningful experiences [1].…”