“…Some studies that used this model showed its effectiveness in guiding teaching and learning methods, but there is a need for further research identifying predictors of cultural competence. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Many approaches were noted in the literature related to cultural competence in the curriculum, and are summarized as follows: the need to critically evaluate implementation and evaluation methods of cultural concepts in the curriculum, [4,9,10,12,15,17,38,39] use of a stand-alone course on culture in the curriculum, [22,30] integration of cultural concepts throughout the curriculum, [12,13,40] use of service learning projects and cultural immersion projects to increase cultural competence, [11,12,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47] lack of qualified faculty members to teach cultural concepts, [23,48] need for course material to adapt to the changing learning needs of students, [45] and international collaboration among teaching institutions to teach cultural competence. [6,35,39,49] While the above note...…”