Cultural Models

Bennardo, Giovanni; Munck, Victor de

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199908042.001.0001

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The first research method typically used from this toolkit is free listing (see De Munck, 2009 andDressler, 2020). Bennardo and de Munck (2014) and Bennardo have urged and outlined a paradigmatic model for cultural model research that begins with free listing and ends with interviewing and consensus analysis (there are steps in between, but they vary depending on the nature of the research).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

de Munck

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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Courtship is an intimate process that, on the one hand, feels unique to its practitioners and, on the other hand, has a collectively shared goal—marriage or at minimum cohabitation. In this study, I seek to find, describe, and analyze the courtship prototype and the culturally feasible variations from the prototype that accommodate the inherent intra-cultural diversity among people. Courtship consists of diverse events intended to culminate in marriage. Studies of the courtship sequence in America are sparse. This is, to my knowledge, the first systematic study of the sequence of emically perceived, important events that constitute the courtship process. Through a series of cognitive mixed-method tasks, three studies were conducted: the first was to elicit the main events of the courtship process; second, to find the perceived prototypical sequence of courtship events; and third to compare the prototype with other feasible variations provided by interlocutors. The findings show that the most prototypical sequence entails initial events in which a couple get to know each other well. This is followed by a declaration of love and then meeting parents and cohabiting. We also found a “traditional” sequence, which entailed “having sex” after marriage. We found two “postmodern” types of sequences in which sexual intercourse occurred before any “getting to know you” event. In a t-test 1, “early sex” event series was found to be as common as the prototype. The main difference was that the prototype was the preferred courtship sequence while the “early sex” process was viewed as common among peers but not preferred. The results of this research show how different cultural beliefs and values influence the placement of events along this sequence. It also supports the importance of the prototype as a source for comparing different courtship styles as reflecting different cultural norms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

de Munck

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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“…When people segment the flow of information into events, event schemas, such as “attending a séance,” provide the “scaffolding” that structures the event components and generates a working model of what is happening. The event schemas are nested within a wider set of conceptual relations (Bennardo & De Munck, 2014, pp. 37–56).…”

Section: A Feature-based Approach For Comparing Lived Experiences Acr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A feature-based approach to the comparative study of “nonordinary” experiences.

Taves¹,

Barlev²

2023

American Psychologist

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At the turn of the 20th century, researchers and clinicians compared case studies of patients diagnosed with hysteria and mediums who claimed to channel spirits based on alterations they observed in their sense of self. Yet, notwithstanding its early promise, this comparative approach to such "nonordinary experiences" (NOEs) was never fully realize due to disciplinary siloing and the challenges involved in comparing culture-laden accounts. Today, psychologists tend to reify constructs, such as religious or spiritual, extraordinary (psychical, paranormal, anomalous, or exceptional), and psychopathological. In doing so, they face an unresolved challenge: experiences with phenomenologically distinct features may be appraised similarly within a culture (that is, viewed as evidence for the same culturally-specific construct) and experiences that share phenomenological features may be appraised differently across cultures. Here, we call for a renewed approach to comparing NOEs across cultures that prioritizes subjectively recognizable features instead of constructs. First, we review the history of the comparative approach in psychology and where it is today. Second, we introduce a featurebased approach, building on the event cognition literature, where "lived experiences" are broken down into their phenomenological features and the claims made about them. Third, we propose ways in which cultural learning shapes experiences, and possibly the ordinary-nonordinary distinction itself. We conclude by highlighting that by building on and shifting the focus of previous efforts, the feature-based approach provides a way to compare experiences at the population level.

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“…One of the most noteworthy developments in cognitive anthropology is the proposal to adopt CMT for investigating culture (Bennardo & De Munck, 2014;De Munck & Bennardo, 2019;Shore, 1996;Strauss & Quinn, 1997). A fundamental assumption of CMT is that the locus of culture is the mind of individuals (Goodenough, 1957(Goodenough, , 1981.…”

Section: Cultural Model Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using consensus analysis as a discovery and a verification procedure for cultural models.

Bennardo

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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In this work, I propose that consensus analysis (CA) can play two roles within research conducted by adopting cultural model theory (CMT). First, I briefly introduce the major tenets of CMT and illustrate the mixed methodology (both qualitative and quantitative) it entails. Then, I follow with a short introduction about CA and suggest how it can play both a discovery and a verification role within the methodological path introduced. Finally, I present an illustrative example of a research project about the Cultural Model of Nature in Tonga, Polynesia, which used CA in both roles suggested.

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Cultural Models

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

A feature-based approach to the comparative study of “nonordinary” experiences.

Using consensus analysis as a discovery and a verification procedure for cultural models.

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