Cultural scripts: What are they and what are they good for?

Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna

doi:10.1515/iprg.2004.1.2.153

Cited by 189 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Cultural scripts are "collective guides" for situational norms, values, and practices that are characteristic of and accessible to cultural insiders (e.g., Goddard and Wierzbicka 2004;Klinkenberg and Rose 1994;Triandis et al 1984). Interpersonal scripts, on the other hand, are the behavioral enactment of a specific cultural script by an individual (Simon and Gagnon 1986).…”

Section: What Is Dating?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Dating Become More Egalitarian? A 35 Year Review Using Sex Roles

2011

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In this selective review, we examined research on heterosexual dating published in Sex Roles since its inception to determine if dating practices have become more egalitarian over the past 35 years. An analysis of current best-selling dating advice books suggests that gender roles continue to be institutionalized in cultural scripts. A sexual scripts framework was used to categorize research findings to determine if the empirical evidence confirmed the durability of gender roles over time or revealed that dating has become less gendertyped. Research in Sex Roles suggests that heterosexual dating among young adults in the U. S. remains highly gender-typed in terms of cultural scripts (e.g., beliefs, ideals, and expectations), as well as interpersonal scripts (e.g., actual interpersonal emotions, interpersonal behaviors, or behaviors aimed at achieving or signaling a partner). Some variability was observed in interpersonal scripts in terms of occasional initiation of dates by women, for instance, but was not sufficiently widely used to challenge the dominant script. Functional reasons for the persistence of gender stereotypes in dating are presented. In addition, a friendship script is proposed as an alternative, egalitarian model of dating that might fulfill the same functions.

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Section: What Is Dating?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Dating Become More Egalitarian? A 35 Year Review Using Sex Roles

2011

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“…As an alternative approach, Goddard and Wierzbicka (2004) proposed a framework which provides an objective, universal language to study languages and cultures, the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Wierzbicka 1996). The NSM can be then used to formulate cultural scripts, which are "a powerful new technique for articulating cultural norms, values and practices in terms which are clear, precise and accessible to cultural insiders and to cultural outsiders alike" (Goddard and Wierzbicka 2004, 153).…”

Section: Cultural Scriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qualitative analysis of politeness strategies focused on describing strategies in categories of face-threatening, face-saving and face-enhancing moves, and was supported at times with quantitative analyses using WordSmith Tools corpus analytical software (Scott 2006). Additionally, the concept of cultural scripts (Goddard and Wierzbicka 2004) played a significant supplementary function in the analyses. While the originator (Wierzbicka 2006) of cultural scripts refers to them as a theory and a research technique, the concept was applied to the analysis of opinions as an additional analytical and explanatory perspective.…”

Section: Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Scripts and the Speech Act of Opinions in Irish English: A Study amongst Irish and Polish University Students

Gąsior

2015

ELOPE

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Studies in pragmatics have been limited to a handful of illocutionary acts such as requests, apologies or compliments, and opinions remain underrepresented in the existing literature. In this paper I present the results of a study of opinions in Irish English, conducted in an intercultural environment of Irish-Polish interactions. departing from a traditional approach of speech act realisation studies, I applied the theory of cultural scripts to analyse opinions. In contrasting the Irish and Polish formulas for expressing opinions, as well as sociopragmatic attitudes towards this speech act, a difference in the cultural scripts for opinions in each culture was observable. Apart from already documented Polish frankness in opinions, the study discovered also a rational approach to presenting good arguments to support one's assertions among the participants. In relation to the Irish script for opinions, the findings are in line with previous classifications of opinions in Australian English, showing a certain level of variational uniformity amongst the English-speaking cultures in this regard.Keywords: opinions; Irish English; cultural scripts; Polish; intercultural pragmatics Kulturni skripti in govorno dejanje izražanja mnenja v irski angleščini: Raziskava med irskimi in poljskimi študentiPOVZETEK dosedanje raziskave na področju pragmatike so se omejevale na zgolj nekaj ilokucijskih dejanj, na primer na prošnje ali zahteve, opravičila in poklone, medtem ko so mnenja v obstoječi literaturi slabše zastopana. V članku so predstavljeni rezultati študije mnenj v irski angleščini, ki je bila izvedena v mednarodnem okolju irsko-poljske interakcije. Za razliko od tradicionalnejšega pristopa k raziskavam realizacije govornih dejanj je tu za analizo mnenj uporabljena teorija kulturnih skriptov. Skozi primerjavo irskih in poljskih formul za izražanje mnenj ter sociopragmatičnih stališč do tega govornega dejanja se pokaže razlika med kulturama pri kulturnih skriptih za mnenja. Poleg že dokumentirane poljske odkritosti v mnenjih razkriva študija tudi racionalni pristop k predstavljanju dobrih argumentov za podporo lastnih trditev nasproti drugim udeležencem. Ko gre za irski skript za mnenja, se ugotovitve ujemajo s predhodnimi klasifikacijami mnenj v avstralski angleščini in tako v tem oziru kažejo na določeno stopnjo variacijske uniformnosti med angleško govorečimi kulturami.

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“…Spanishdifferent (confrontational) discourses or attitudes are likely to emerge, as they are heavily/strongly linked to ideological values, as well as to social or religious beliefs and discourses. In this respect, intercultural pragmatics proves a rich analytical tool in understanding the extent to which specific contextual knowledge and cultural scripts affect and modify the retrieval of the intended meaning (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2004;Moeschler 2004). Meaning is not only unstable and the result of a process of social construction and negotiation, but it is also heavily dependent on the interplay between oppositional ideological discourses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%