Cultural sensitivity in multicultural counseling: A perceptual schema model.

Abstract

A critical review of the multicultural counseling literature revealed 4 limitations of previous conceptualizations of cultural sensitivity. These limitations are definitional variance, inadequate descriptions of indicators of cultural sensitivity, a lack of theoretical grounding, and limitations in measurement and research designs. After these limitations are explored, cultural sensitivity is defined as a distinct perceptual process. A model of cultural sensitivity is proposed that contextualizes the construct in perceptual schema theory. Five possible nomological processes are described. Implications for future research are discussed.

Effect of Therapist Color-Blindness on Empathy and Attributions in Cross-Cultural Counseling.

“…Subscale scores range from 0 to 28, and higher scores suggest greater levels of respondent empathy. A review of subscale items indicated that the Empathic Concern and Perspective-Taking subscales corresponded more directly with conceptual definitions of empathy (i.e., Bohort et al, 2002;Ridley & Lingle, 1996), whereas the Fantasy and Personal Distress subscales did not correspond with recognized conceptualizations of empathy (Constantine, 2001;Hayes & Erkis, 2000). Thus, paralleling past research (i.e., Constantine, 2000), the Empathic Concern and Perspective-Taking subscales were the only subscales used for this investigation.…”

“…Empathy is a foundational disposition in counseling (Bohort, Elliot, Greenberg, & Watson, 2002) and has been found to be one of the most important factors in discriminating effectiveness in therapy (Bohort et al, 2002;Lafferty, Beutler, & Crago, 1989). Empathy is also considered essential to cross-cultural counseling (Ho, 1992;Ridley & Lingle, 1996). It is believed that therapists' expression of empathy in a culturally responsive manner may be a determining factor in culturally diverse clients' perception of therapist cultural sensitivity during assessment and treatment (Fischer, Jome, & Atkinson, 1998).…”

The relation of multicultural experiences to moral judgment and mindsets.

“…Schema theory has been introduced to explain development in cultural sensitivity (e.g., Ridley et al, 2000;Ridley, Mendoza, Kanitz, Angermeier, & Zenk, 1994). Individuals begin with relatively impoverished schematic representation of an unfamiliar culture or group.…”

The Study on Relationship between Cultural Competency and Empathy of Nursing Students

“…특히 문화적 공감이란 다른 사람들의 눈과 귀로 세상을 보고 듣는 것을 의미하며, 그들 내부의 문 화를 경험하는 것을 말한다 (Ivey, Ivey, & Simek-Morgan, 1993). 공감 능력은 문화적 역량 습득과 역량을 효과적으로 발휘하기 위해서 선행되어야 하는 것이며 문화적 요인들을 통합시키는 중요한 요소이다 Ridley & Lingle, 1996). • 간호대학생의 일반적 특성 및 문화적 교류 특성을 파악한다.…”