Cultural Values: A Review of Empirical Research and Implications for Counseling

Abstract

In this review, empirical investigations that followed the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck model of value‐orientations are presented. The review finds between‐group as well as within‐group variations in cultural values. The author also discusses how an understanding of cultural values can enrich cross‐cultural effectiveness. En este repaso se presenta las investigaciones que utilizaron el modelo Kluckhohn y Strodtbeck de evaluación orientativa. Se encuentran variaciones de valores culturales inter e intra grupo. Elautor también discute la manera en que el conocimiento de valores culturales puede mejorar la efectividad intercultural.

Internalized Culture, Culturocentrism, and Transcendence

“…The concept of internalized culture explicitly addresses both between-group and within-group variations in cultural processes (see Carter, 1991, for a review of empirical research on cultural values). It enables us to better deal with findings that there may be more similarity among members of comparable socioeconomic statuses across groups than among members of different socioeconomic statuses within the same group.…”

An Encounter of two Worlds : The Intercultural Aspects of Helping Relationships

“…In the 1970s a new question arose (Carter 1991): what is the role of cultural values in a certain group concerning the success of a helping relationship between two people? Four factors were found significant when studying the impact on inter personal relationships: the values represented by the client, the values the counsellor was driven by, their assumptions about the problem, and the institutional possibil ities and limitations of the helping relationship.…”

Building alliances to understanding and working with students affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

“…The model was an elegant one, allowing for a measurable indication of value preference, and a focus on the variant orientations, not just the dominant preferences. The fact that a number of researchers continue to utilize Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's approach is an indication of the model's longevity (Carter, 1991;Carter & Helms, 1990;Ortuno, 1991). It is for the reasons cited above that I chose to emulate this model for my own research.…”

“…It should be noted that this study employed slightly fewer vignettes than the original study. Carter (1991), Carter andHelms (1990), andOrtuno (1991) also utilized this approach to amendments with success.…”

“…Carter (1991) andCarter andHelms (1990) suggested that differences between cultures can exist based on cultural or racial identity, but also that variations can exist as a result of acculturation, gender, education, and socio-economic status.…”