Culturally Specific Causes of Delinquency: Implications for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong

A Study of Children's Shoplifting Behavior: Implications to Preventive Measures

“…Scholars (Cheung and Ng, 1988;Wong, 1999;Wong, 2001) in Hong Kong have already found that the stronger the family bond and school bond of an individual, and the weaker the attachment to delinquent peers, the more likely it is that an individual will be restrained from engaging in delinquent behavior. In this study, it is found that a large proportion of respondents grew up in unsentimental families; parents under social-economic pressures often adopt the quickest way to discipline their children.…”

“…These elements interact with one another to form the strength of the social bonds. Some scholars (Liska and Reed, 1985;Massey and Krohn, 1986;Wong, 1999) affirm that when people decrease their levels of social bonds, strong association with undesirable peers may lead to a high possibility of learning delinquent behavior. Children may incorporate peers' delinquent values into their values and perform deviant behaviors as a result.…”

Delinquency Control and Juvenile Justice in China

“…Nevertheless existing evidence as well as my visits and 32 in..depth interviews with juveniles in South China suggest that lengthy incarceration is not appropriate for most cases. Many young people took the path to delinquency through poverty, social alienation and lack of opportunity (Wong, 1996b). Similarly many other observers point to unemployment, COITUp'" tion and criminal gangs as the root causes of juvenile crime (Curran & Cook, 1993;He, 1991).…”

“…The proportion of juvenile crimes to total crimes slightly increased from 16% to 17% during the same period (Wong, 1996b). And in the USA, an average of 2,493 of every 100,000 juveniles (aged 17 or under) were arrested in the period of 1981-1989, while the percentage of juvenile crimes to total crimes was around 15% in the same period (Lundman, 1993).…”

Restorative Justice: A Systematic Review of the Social Work Literature

“…Few articles in our review of social work databases directly addressed recidivism following participation in restorative justice. When authors did tackle this topic (Wong, 1999;Bazemore, 1999), the literature primarily focused on reoffending juveniles. Nugent and Paddock (1996) found juvenile offender participation in Vom is associated with lower rates of recidivism after 1 year.…”