“…I was a member of the Grenadier Guards… It was fantastic… You were part of a big unit.” (Chris)The social identity model of deindividuation argues that absorption into the group leads to feelings of anonymity which heighten feelings of depersonalization which lead to heightened conformity to group norms and behaviors (Reicher, ). This further increases group‐based stereotyping of the outgroups (Hogg, ) which, Clarke () argues, leads to an “us” and “them” culture enforced by drawing attention to differing societal norms (Foucault, ). This was borne out in the current study: “All these people going ‘you bloody murderers’ and all this and that but who are they going to call upon if they suddenly have the likes of—let's pick Russia—if they get a massive force again under Putin and start rattling across Europe, everybody's going to want the Army there… So in times of crisis they'll call upon the Army and in other times it's like, ‘oh, bugger off’.” (Fred)“The Falklands War kind of, they were heroes again.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tight and solid units promoted in the Armed Forces lead to social identities which conform to group norms (Hogg & Reid, 2006) and which serve to reinforce identification with the military. This distance and separation can create a societal difference best described as an “us” and “them” culture (Clarke, ) enforced through different societal norms (Foucault, ). On transitioning back to civilian life, the individual has often been indoctrinated to a way of life different from that of the civilian, and this can cause conflict to the sense of self and social stability during and after life in the Armed Forces (Dandeker, Wessely, Iversen, & Ross, ).…”
The aim of the current research was to investigate the transition experiences of British military veterans upon exiting the military and rejoining civilian society, asking the specific research question: What effect does the transition from military to civilian life have on the individual's identity? Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed and seven semistructured interviews were carried out with ex-military personnel. Analysis of the data revealed three superordinate themes: (1) Several Selves: Identity; (2) Soldier and Society: Separation, and (3) Transition Time: Personal Perspective. Current findings suggest that transition from the military back to civilian life is often problematic, with identity complications, feelings of loss, and disconnection both from the military and from society in general. Individuals with a more salient military identity had more difficult transition experiences. Findings are discussed with reference to theories of identity formation, maintenance, and salience and recommendations for future research are made.
“…I was a member of the Grenadier Guards… It was fantastic… You were part of a big unit.” (Chris)The social identity model of deindividuation argues that absorption into the group leads to feelings of anonymity which heighten feelings of depersonalization which lead to heightened conformity to group norms and behaviors (Reicher, ). This further increases group‐based stereotyping of the outgroups (Hogg, ) which, Clarke () argues, leads to an “us” and “them” culture enforced by drawing attention to differing societal norms (Foucault, ). This was borne out in the current study: “All these people going ‘you bloody murderers’ and all this and that but who are they going to call upon if they suddenly have the likes of—let's pick Russia—if they get a massive force again under Putin and start rattling across Europe, everybody's going to want the Army there… So in times of crisis they'll call upon the Army and in other times it's like, ‘oh, bugger off’.” (Fred)“The Falklands War kind of, they were heroes again.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tight and solid units promoted in the Armed Forces lead to social identities which conform to group norms (Hogg & Reid, 2006) and which serve to reinforce identification with the military. This distance and separation can create a societal difference best described as an “us” and “them” culture (Clarke, ) enforced through different societal norms (Foucault, ). On transitioning back to civilian life, the individual has often been indoctrinated to a way of life different from that of the civilian, and this can cause conflict to the sense of self and social stability during and after life in the Armed Forces (Dandeker, Wessely, Iversen, & Ross, ).…”
The aim of the current research was to investigate the transition experiences of British military veterans upon exiting the military and rejoining civilian society, asking the specific research question: What effect does the transition from military to civilian life have on the individual's identity? Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed and seven semistructured interviews were carried out with ex-military personnel. Analysis of the data revealed three superordinate themes: (1) Several Selves: Identity; (2) Soldier and Society: Separation, and (3) Transition Time: Personal Perspective. Current findings suggest that transition from the military back to civilian life is often problematic, with identity complications, feelings of loss, and disconnection both from the military and from society in general. Individuals with a more salient military identity had more difficult transition experiences. Findings are discussed with reference to theories of identity formation, maintenance, and salience and recommendations for future research are made.
“…Freedom is never absolute (Blackshaw, 2010;Clarke, 2008;Roberts, 2006;Rojek, 2005), so it is perceived freedom that interests us here. Indeed, Bouwer and van Leeuwen (2013) argue that leisure occurs when we perceive freedom to be sufficient 'to express who we are or want to be -our personal identity ' (p. 588), and, as a result of being able to craft an individual identity, we feel free.…”
Section: Adventure Recreation Events As a Leisure Formmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There, participation has increased by 211% to 2.2 million, or 0.8% of the total population aged 6 years and over, from 2008(Outdoor Foundation, 2013. This is a similar participation rate to BMS biking, mountaineering, whitewater kayaking, and martial arts in the USA (Outdoor Foundation, 2013).…”
Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.tandfonline.com: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/11745398.2015.1031804 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version.
Biographical notesPip Lynch's research interests are in outdoor recreation and outdoor education. One particular interest is in adventure and its social and cultural implications. She is a professor of friluftsliv (outdoor life) at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.Mark Dibben's research interest is in the role of interpersonal trust and distrust, and culture in organizations. He adopts a change-oriented approach to understanding these topics based on the process metaphysics of A.N. Whitehead. He is Associate Professor and Head of the School of Management at the University of Tasmania.
Outdoor Recreation Events 2Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study
AbstractAdventure recreation events are a relatively new form of leisure that have become increasingly popular since the 1990s, yet little is known about motivations for participation. In this study, participant motivations were investigated through an interpretive methodology and the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT). Exploratory, in-depth interviews with 22 participants in six different New Zealand events revealed intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, some of which overlap with motivations previously found for endurance sports and others which are also associated with outdoor recreation. In addition, two sets of dynamic relationships between motivations appear to exist: one set is competence, challenge and selfresponsibility and the other is adventure, place and identity. These relationships need closer investigation. There is wide scope for further research that extends understanding of motivation for adventure recreation events beyond the context studied.
“…As an emergent part of our analysis the motives behind 'course hopping' were not fully investigated but reasons discussed by attendees of self-care programmes included seeking a quiet mind, confidence issues and utopian ideals (e.g. 'to create a new system which might serve us all better as humanity') suggesting both a quest for personal happiness (Clarke 2011) and approaching people's lives as continuous 'projects,' which Boltanski and Chiapello (2005) and others (Binkley 2011;Dilts 2012) have equated with neoliberal subjectivities. This may offer a fruitful area for further study.…”
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