Culture of
            <i>Tropheryma whipplei</i>
            from Human Samples: a 3-Year Experience (1999 to 2002)

Fénollar, Florence; Birg, Marie-Laure; Gauduchon, Valérie; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.8.3816-3822.2003

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…NC_004572) (8). While it is mentioned in one of the papers by this research group that others are able to reproduce their findings (21), to our knowledge, all peer-reviewed reports on successful continuous culture attempts from clinical isolates are by this French group.…”

Section: Bacteriology Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Whipple's disease is a rare infectious disease that can be fatal if left untreated. The disease is caused by infection with Tropheryma whipplei, a bacterium that may be more common than was initially assumed. Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms, and as routine cultivation of the bacterium is not feasible, it is difficult to diagnose this infection. On the other hand, due to the generic symptoms, infection with this bacterium is actually quite often in the differential diagnosis. The gold standard for diagnosis used to be periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of duodenal biopsy specimens, but PAS staining has a poor specificity and sensitivity. The development of molecular techniques has resulted in more convenient methods for detecting T. whipplei infections, and this has greatly improved the diagnosis of this often missed infection. In addition, the molecular detection of T. whipplei has resulted in an increase in knowledge about its pathogenicity, and this review gives an overview of the new insights in epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Tropheryma whipplei infections.

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Section: Bacteriology Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections

et al. 2017

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“…We were able to isolate other strict intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis (35) from a lymph node and Trophyrema whipplei in a cardiac valve (Table 5). Before 2000, isolation and establishment of the T. whipplei strain from clinical samples were done using the JNSP protocol (10,39). Since then, this protocol has been adapted for culturing T. whipplei.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Shell-Vial Cell Culture Assay for Isolation of Bacteria from Clinical Specimens: 13 Years of Experience

et al. 2005

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The shell-vial culture assay is performed routinely in our laboratory. Recently we revisited our experience of using the shell-vial culture assay for the isolation of microorganisms from various clinical samples. Over a 13-year period, we have isolated 580 bacterial strains (5%) from 11,083 clinical samples tested. Over the same period, 285 isolates of rickettsiae, bartonellae, or Coxiella burnetii were cultured from a total of 7,102 samples tested. These isolates include 55 Rickettsia sp. isolates, 95 Coxiella burnetii isolates, and 135 Bartonella sp. isolates. Based on our experience with the growth of fastidious microorganisms, we have used a centrifugation shell-vial technique called JNSP, for "je ne sais pas" ("I don't know [what I am growing]") for the isolation of other microorganisms. A total of 173 isolates were cultured from the 3,861 clinical samples tested using the JNSP method. Of these, 40 isolates had not been grown before on usual axenic medium. These include 2 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 7 isolates of Streptococcus sp. and related genera, 6 Mycobacterium sp. isolates, 1 Nocardia asteroides isolate, 1 Actinomyces sp. isolate, 1 Brucella melitensis isolate, 2 Francisella tularensis isolates, 1 Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolate, and 1 Legionella pneumophila isolate. Using this protocol, we have also cultured intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and we have performed the first culture and establishment of Trophyrema whipplei. Applied in our laboratory, the shell-vial culture generally exhibits a low rate of success. However, in some cases, this technique allowed microbial diagnosis when classical agar procedure and PCR were negative.The spectrum of infectious diseases is wide and changing. The reliable diagnosis of infectious disease remains a difficult problem even for specialized laboratories. Isolation of new microorganisms will allow the description of clinical features of new diseases and the characterization of new pathogens, enabling genetic descriptions, physiological analyses, improvement of diagnostic tools, and antibiotic susceptibility testing for bacteria. Therefore, the isolation of infecting bacteria is not only a mean of diagnosis but also a basis for the evaluation of much needed improved diagnostic assays and a route to enhance understanding of the diversity and the epidemiology of infections (21). The successful isolation of fastidious microorganisms is often based on cell culture (21). The success of this technique is based on two critical points. First, the ratio of microorganisms to cells should be as high as possible (21). Second, centrifugation enhances the adhesion of intracellular microorganisms to the cells (52). In 1976, a centrifugation-cell microculture system, called the shell-vial assay, was first used for the diagnosis of viral disease due to cytomegalovirus and allowed early antigen detection (22). This diagnostic tool is becoming one of the most commonly used techniques in clinical virology laboratories since it reduces turnaround time (19).For a lo...

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“…This could explain the late onset of symptoms disease and the difficulty in obtaining culture of the organism. T. whipplei lacks various metabolic capabilities in carbohydrate, energy metabolism and aminoacid biosynthesis [7]. Thus, the organism is highly dependent on nutrients from its host environment.…”

Section: Microbiology and Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Whipple’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Elkholy¹,

Khaled²,

Aziz³

et al. 2017

MOJCR

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Whipple's disease is a rare systemic disease. It is caused by a gram-positive infectious bacillus called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei). The common presenting feature is malabsorption, but it can also affect multiple organs as heart, central nervous system (CNS), joints, skin, lungs and vascular system. Presentation can be highly variable but mainly the patients are complaining of weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain and arthritis, about 15% of patients do not develop these classic symptoms. Endoscopic picture usually shows pale yellow shaggy mucosa with erythematous eroded patches in the duodenum extending up to the jejunum. Definitive diagnosis is made mainly by endoscopic duodenal biopsies that show characteristic foamy macrophages in the lamina propria containing non-acid fast gram positive bacilli that stain red with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. Immunohistochemical staining for antibodies against T. whipplei had been used to detect the organism in a variety of tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of T. whipplei is considered a confirmatory test. We present a case of classic Whipple's disease with review of literature for better understanding of the presentation, methods of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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Culture of Tropheryma whipplei from Human Samples: a 3-Year Experience (1999 to 2002)

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections

Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections

Use of Shell-Vial Cell Culture Assay for Isolation of Bacteria from Clinical Specimens: 13 Years of Experience

Whipple’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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