Cumulative effect of gibberellic acid and phosphorus on crop productivity, biochemical activities and trigonelline production in Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Abstract

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an antidiabetic plant. Its bioactive compound, trigonelline, is known to counter diabetes through insulin secretion, modulation of β cell regeneration and quick activity of glucose metabolism related enzymes. A pot experiment was conducted in the natural conditions of net house of the Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India, to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of GA 3 (0, 10 −7 M, 10 −6 M and 10 −5 M), alone and in combination with phosphorus (40 kg P ha −1 ), on growth, biochemical and yield attributes of fenugreek. Compared to control, the combination of GA 3 and phosphorus (P40 + 10 −6 M GA3) significantly increased the activities of nitrate reductase (30.8%) and carbonic anhydrase (30.7%) enzymes; it also enhanced the seed yield (140.6%) and the content of total chlorophyll (28.5%) and carotenoids (26%). There was also significant increase (19.51%) in the content of seed trigonelline.

Responses of Water and Pigments Status, Dry Matter Partitioning, Seed Production, and Traits of Yield and Quality to Foliar Application of GA3 in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

“…Among all photosynthetic organisms, the carotenoids act as protecting "antenna pigments" for photosynthesis, gathering wavelengths of light that are not absorbed by chlorophylls (Vichnevetskaia and Roy, 1999). In fact, our results are consistent with previously reported findings that the GA 3 enhanced the carotenoids contents in V. radiata (El Karamany et al, 2019), Artemisia annua (Aftab et al, 2010), rice (Ghodrat et al, 2013), corn (Al-Shaheen et al, 2014), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Ahmad Dar et al, 2015). It is suggested that the increase in carotenoid content by GA 3 may be due to development of ultrastructural morphogenesis of plastids (Arteca, 1996).…”

“…The root dry weight was always higher in BARI Mung-8 than in BARI Mung-6 in this study. It has been reported that GA 3 increases the root dry weight in beans (Jaques et al, 2019), Trigonella foenumgraecum (Ahmad Dar et al, 2015), the dry weight of pods in French bean (Gabal et al, 1990), and bulbs in onion (Hore et al, 1988). However, exogenous application of GA 3 through seed priming in V. radiata did not influence the root dry weight as reported by Kundu et al (2017), which contradicts in our findings.…”

“…This may be attributed to the capacity of GA 3 to induce mRNA synthesis pertaining to hydrolytic enzymes and to the increased cell enlargement eventually leading to increased length of internodes. Exogenous PGR enhanced plant growth by overcoming any harmful effect that may be due to changing (Yoshida and Hirasawa, 1996;Ahmad Dar et al, 2015) and functioning endogenous plant hormones.…”

“…GA 3 is a phyto-hormone, and terpenoid compounds containing 19-20 carbon atoms, naturally produced in new leaves and germinated seed embryos, and more than 136 species have been identified (Sponsel and Hedden, 2004). Very small amount of GA 3 enhances stem elongation (Abd El-Fattah, 1997;Hoque and Haque, 2002;Abdel and Al-Rawi, 2011;Keykha et al, 2014) by increasing cell divisions and cell size Zeiger, 2006, 2010), improves plant growth and development (Kundu et al, 2017;Rahman et al, 2018) by inducing metabolic activities (Kumar et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2015), many key enzymes like carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR) (Afroz et al, 2005;Aftab et al, 2010;Ahmad Dar et al, 2015), ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) (Yuan and Xu, 2001), and regulating nitrogen utilization (Siddiqui et al, 2008;Khan et al, 2010;Sure et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2017;Miceli et al, 2019), consequently increases dry weight and yield (Asahina et al, 2002;Tasnim et al, 2020). It also induces growth and development by enhancing water uptake in plant tissues (Al-Whaibi et al, 2010;Maggio et al, 2010;Renu, 2019), photosynthetic pigments (El Karamany et al, 2019), photosynthesis (Khan et al, 2002;Aftab et al, 2010), sex determination (Fleet and Sun, 2005), flower formation and fruit set in legumes (Deotale et al, 1998;Chauhan et al, 2010), and hence amplifies yield of many crops (Bhadra, 2004;Bora and Sharma, 2006;Abdel-Mouty and El-Greadly, 2008;…”

Estimation of spatial genetic structure in inter-regional populations of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. species through phenotypic variation and seed protein profiling

“…Seed extracts of fenugreek such as galactomannan is used as industrial thickener. According to some recent studies it was revealed that fenugreek can be suggested as a possible remedy for diabetes lowering blood sugar and cholesterol level (AHMAD DAR et al, 2015).…”