Regulatory Role of Mineral Nutrients in Nurturing of Medicinal Legumes Under Salt Stress

Zhao

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a promising approach to improve salt tolerance. However, it is poorly known how plant sex and inorganic N alter salt stress-induced Na + uptake, distribution and tolerance. This study employed Populus cathayana Rehder females and males to examine sex-related mechanisms of salt tolerance under nitrate (NO 3 À ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) nutrition. Males had a higher root Na + efflux, lower root-to-shoot translocation of Na + , and higher K + /Na + , which enhanced salt tolerance under both N forms compared to females. On the other hand, decreased root Na + efflux and K + retention, and an increased ratio of Na + in leaves relative to shoots in females caused greater salt sensitivity. Females receiving NH 4 + rather than NO 3 À had greater net root Na + uptake, K + efflux, and translocation to the shoots, especially in leaves. In contrast, males receiving NO 3 À rather than NH 4 + had increased Na + translocation to the shoots, especially in the bark, which may narrow the difference in leaf damage by salt stress between N forms despite a higher shoot Na + accumulation and lower root Na + efflux. Genes related to cell wall synthesis, K + and Na + transporters, and denaturized protein scavenging in the barks showed differential expression between females and males in response to salt stress under both N forms. These results suggested that the regulation of N forms in salt stress tolerance was sex-dependent, which was related to the maintenance of the K + /Na + ratio in tissues, the ability of Na + translocation to the shoots, and the transcriptional regulation of bark cell wall and proteolysis profiles. | INTRODUCTIONA high concentration of salt in soil is an important environmental stress factor, which affects sex ratios, spatial segregation, and competitive relations of males and females (Che-Castaldo et al., 2015;Li et al., 2016;Varga & Kytöviita, 2012). Therefore, it is extremely important to discover sexually different response mechanisms to salt stress. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms to enhance salt tolerance, such as the regulation of osmotic stress, maintenance of K + / Na + , and enhancement of antioxidation (Chakraborty et al., 2016;

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium and nitrate affect sexually different responses to salt stress in Populus cathayana

Zhao

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

“…In general, an increase in soil NaCl concentration has been reported to induce an increase in the Na and Cl contents and a decrease in the N, K, Ca, P, and Mg contents in plants. It is important to monitor N, K, P, and Zn because the action of these nutrients can limit plant development [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, to produce crops with high quality and yield under salt stress, it is important to identify the mechanisms of the salt response and discover genes that are expressed differently under salt stress conditions [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profile of Sorghum Genes and Cis-Regulatory Elements under Salt-Stress Conditions

Lee

Jeon

Choi

et al. 2022

Plants

Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that causes great losses in crop production worldwide. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of salt resistance in sorghum will help develop salt-tolerant crops with high yields. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the world’s four major grains and is known as a plant with excellent adaptability to salt stress. Among the various genotypes of sorghum, a Korean cultivar Nampungchal is also highly tolerant to salt. However, little is known about how Nampungchal responds to salt stress. In this study, we measured various physiological parameters, including Na+ and K+ contents, in leaves grown under saline conditions and investigated the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using QuantSeq analysis. These DEG analyses revealed that genes up-regulated in a 150 mM NaCl treatment have various functions related to abiotic stresses, such as ERF and DREB. In addition, transcription factors such as ABA, WRKY, MYB, and bZip bind to the CREs region of sorghum and are involved in the regulation of various abiotic stress-responsive transcriptions, including salt stress. These findings may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of salt tolerance in sorghum and other crops.

“…Rice plants need essential nutrients to complete growth and development. Plants that lack these nutrients will fail to germinate and grow roots, stems, leaves, and flowers (Naeem et al, 2017). The essential nutrient consists of macro-nutrients, which include carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Dynamics of Rice Cultivated under Intensification on Acid Sulfate Soils Ameliorated with Composted Oyster Mushroom Baglog Waste

Jumar¹,

Saputra²,

Nugraha³

et al. 2022

JTAS

This study examines the dynamics of essential macro-nutrients for rice cultivation in acid sulfate soils ameliorated with composted oyster mushroom baglog waste. A single factor randomized block design (RBD) was used, and the factors studied include the compost dose of oyster mushroom baglog waste, which consists of 5 treatment levels, namely 0 t ha-1 (control), 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1. Furthermore, this study was carried out from May to September 2021 in the rice fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM), Sungai Rangas Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The rice plants were cultivated using an intensification technique, and the compost was applied based on the research treatment for two weeks on prepared land before planting. Also, Bartlett’s test was carried out before analysis of variance, which had a significant effect of P<0.05, and was further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level. The results showed variations in the availability of macro-nutrients at five different growth stages: early planting, full vegetative, early panicle emergence, panicle filling, and harvesting phases. The highest levels of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NH3-) were found in the full vegetative stage, while early planting had the lowest. Also, there was an increase in the available phosphorus (P) from the early planting to the full vegetative stage. The increase in exchangeable potassium (K) occurred at the transition of these stages. These increasing nutrients were due to the addition of the compost. The higher the NH4+, NO3-, available P, and exchangeable K in acid sulfate soils, the more nitrogen (N), P, and K uptake in rice plants. The provision of the compost supplied N, P, and K in available forms and reduced the amount of soluble alumunium (Al) and iron (Fe). Thereby the plant roots absorb the nutrients optimally. Additionally, the compost increased the essential macro-nutrient availability and plant uptake using the rice intensification technique from early planting to harvest.