Cumulative risk assessment of chemical exposure of children/unborn children to endocrine disruptors and neurotoxic substances

Larsen, Poul; Boberg, Julie; Mørck, Thit Aarøe; Boyd, Helle Buchardt

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.027

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our study offers a new perspective on EHMC exposure risk assessment in comparison with the afore mentioned studies (Andersen et al, ; Manová et al, ). We also included sprayable PCPs along with the dermal and oral exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…A study by Andersen et al () that included EHMC, focuses on female exposure to possible endocrine disruptors in consumer products and determines the greatest risk characterisation ratios (RCR) which describe the ratio between exposure and “safe dose level” with regard to the endocrine disrupting effect of the substance. The greater the RCR, the more risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manová et al () produced a human risk assessment of EHMC contained in PCPs, using a probabilistic approach similar to our own study to predict aggregate exposure distributions for EHMC and includes a wider range of PCPs than Andersen et al (). The study by Manová et al () predicts the estrogenic and thyroid‐disrupting risk of EHMC using probabilistic simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans‐ and cis‐EHMC

Nečasová

Bányiová

Literák

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is a widely used UV filter present in a large number of personal care products (PCPs). Under normal conditions, EHMC occurs in a mixture of two isomers: trans-EHMC and cis-EHMC in a ratio of 99:1. When exposed to sunlight, the trans isomer is transformed to the less stable cis isomer and the efficiency of the UV filter is reduced. To date, the toxicological effects of the cis-EHMC isomer remain largely unknown. We developed a completely new method for preparing cis-EHMC. An EHMC technical mixture was irradiated using a UV lamp and 98% pure cis-EHMC was isolated from the irradiated solution using column chromatography. The genotoxic effects of the isolated cis-EHMC isomer and the nonirradiated trans-EHMC were subsequently measured using two bioassays (SOS chromotest and UmuC test). In the case of trans-EHMC, significant genotoxicity was observed using both bioassays at the highest concentrations (0.5 - 4 mg mL ). In the case of cis-EHMC, significant genotoxicity was only detected using the UmuC test at concentrations of 0.25 - 1 mg mL . Based on these results, the NOEC was calculated for both cis- and trans-EHMC, 0.038 and 0.064 mg mL , respectively. Risk assessment of dermal, oral and inhalation exposure to PCPs containing EHMC was carried out for a female population using probabilistic simulation and by using Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The risk of cis-EHMC was found to be ∼1.7 times greater than trans-EHMC. In the case of cis-EHMC, a hazard index of 1 was exceeded in the 92nd percentile. Based on the observed differences between the isomers, EHMC application in PCPs requires detailed reassessment. Further exploration of the toxicological effects and properties of cis-EHMC is needed in order to correctly predict risks posed to humans and the environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 569-580, 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans‐ and cis‐EHMC

Nečasová

Bányiová

Literák

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Epidemiological data published between January 2010 and December 2013 are linking combined exposure to multiple metals to paediatric health outcomes, including urinary tract birth defects, effects on reproductive and endocrine system outcomes with a focus on Pd-Cd synergistic effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, cognitive and motor development and behaviour [33]. Adverse health outcomes in children may be a consequence of in utero exposures during gestation and/or due to hand-to-mouth activity, which is common in young children under the age of three [32,34,35]. Lack of knowledge on human exposure and/or toxic effects has been recognized as an uncertainty in these assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities and Challenges in Methodology for Human Health Risk Assessment from Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals

Nikolopoulou

Ntzani

Kyriakopoulou

et al. 2023

Toxics

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This paper reviews key elements in the assessment of human health effects from combined exposure to multiple chemicals taking into consideration current knowledge and challenges to identify areas where scientific advancement is mostly needed and proposes a decision-making scheme on the basis of existing methods and tools. The assumption of dose addition and estimation of the hazard index (HI) is considered as a starting point in component-based risk assessments. When, based on the generic HI approach, an unacceptable risk is identified, more specific risk assessment options may be implemented sequentially or in parallel depending on problem formulation, characteristics of the chemical group under assessment, exposure levels, data availability and resources. For prospective risk assessments, the reference point index/margin of exposure (RPI/MOET) (Option 1) or modified RPI/normalized MOET (mRPI/nMOET) (Option 2) approaches may be implemented focusing on the specific mixture effect. Relative potency factors (RPFs) may also be used in the RPI approach since a common uncertainty factor for each mixture component is introduced in the assessment. Increased specificity in the risk assessment may also be achieved when exposure of selected population groups is considered (Option 3/exposure). For retrospective risk assessments, human biomonitoring data available for vulnerable population groups (Option 3/susceptibility) may present more focused scenarios for consideration in human health risk management decisions. In data-poor situations, the option of using the mixture assessment factor (MAF) is proposed (Option 4), where an additional uncertainty factor is applied on each mixture component prior to estimating the HI. The magnitude of the MAF may be determined by the number of mixture components, their individual potencies and their proportions in the mixture, as previously reported. It is acknowledged that implementation of currently available methods and tools for human health risk assessment from combined exposure to multiple chemicals by risk assessors will be enhanced by ongoing scientific developments on new approach methodologies (NAMs), integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), uncertainty analysis tools, data sharing platforms, risk assessment software as well as guideline development to meet legislative requirements.

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Cumulative risk assessment of chemical exposure of children/unborn children to endocrine disruptors and neurotoxic substances

Cited by 2 publications

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New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans‐ and cis‐EHMC

New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans‐ and cis‐EHMC

Priorities and Challenges in Methodology for Human Health Risk Assessment from Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals

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