Curative therapy for rectal cancer

Alawawdeh, Anas; Krishnan, Tharani; Roy, Amitesh; Karapetis, Christos S.; Joshi, Rohit; Singhal, Nimit; Price, Tim

doi:10.1080/14737140.2021.1845145

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer globally and rectal cancer accounts for approximately 33% of diagnosed cases 1 . The introduction of the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the rapid development of laparoscopic technology have facilitated sphincter‐preserving surgery in 62%–85% of rectal cancer patients, and have dramatically improved the oncological outcomes 2,3 . Improved survival has increased attention to quality of life, including bowel dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A predictive nomogram model for low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection

Yan

Lin

et al. 2022

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Background: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and to construct a nomogram capable of predicting the risk of LARS in patients who undergo rectal cancer resection. Methods: About 538 patients who had undergone anterior resection were recruited as a development set. In addition, 114 patients with rectal cancer were analysed as a validation set to test the new nomogram. Patients in the development set were grouped into two separate cohorts: those with major LARS and those with minor or no LARS. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to detect risk factors for major LARS. Results: The prevalence of major LARS was 40.7%, of minor LARS was 28.6% and the proportion with no LARS was 30.7% in the development set. In multivariate analysis, female gender, preoperative chemoradiation, low tumour height, diverting ileostomy, postoperative anastomotic leakage were shown to be independently associated with major LARS occurring in patients after rectal cancer resection. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the nomogram were 0.726 (95% CI: 0.682-0.769) and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.655-0.845) in the development and validation sets, respectively. The calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit tests showed that the model was acceptably accurate. Conclusion: A nomogram model based on risk factors could be valuable as a predictor of the probability of major LARS after rectal cancer surgery, and provides a guide that clinical staff can use to take preventive measures for high-risk patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A predictive nomogram model for low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection

Yan

Lin

et al. 2022

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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“…The past, present and the future of rectal cancer treatment are based on the neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies of clinical trials but novel therapeutic approaches will focus on organ sparing management [6] (Table 3). Recent ASCO 2020 updates showed that modification of the surveillance scheme was required to detect early recurrences in locally advanced rectal cancer and the importance of total neoadjuvant therapy [7]. Short course radiotherapy is noninferior on compliance and oncological outcomes compared to long course treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Preoperative Short Course Radiotherapy Versus Long Course Chemoradiotherapy for the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

Uysal¹

2022

CTOIJ

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family history, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, processed meat, refined diet, alcohol consumption and smoking are the genetic or enviromental factors of developing colorectal cancer.Management of rectal cancer is considered with surgery as a primary treatment while local recurrence rates vary between 20-50 percent. So dramatic changes were released in recent 20 years. Depth of penetration and regional node involvement are the associated factors for recurrence. Neoadjuvant therapy including chemoradiotherapy, hypofractionated radiotherapy or chemotherapy plus surgery results with better outcomes

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“…Total neoadjuvant therapy, whereby some or all of the planned chemotherapy (typically oxaliplatin) is given as either an induction or consolidation strategy, represents a promising option for LARC [93]. Two phase III trials presented showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective is this setting [94,95].…”

Section: Oncotherapeutic Synergismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The therapeutic and prognostic implications of immunobiology in colorectal cancer: a review

2021

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Colorectal cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The therapeutic field of immuno-oncology has rapidly gained momentum, with strikingly promising results observed in clinical practice. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the role of the immune response in tumorigenesis, therapy and predicting prognosis. Enhanced understanding of the dynamic and complex tumour-immune microenvironment has enabled the development of molecularly directed, individualised treatment. Analysis of intra-tumoural lymphocyte infiltration and the dichotomisation of colorectal cancer into microsatellite stable and unstable disease has important therapeutic and prognostic implications, with potential to capitalise further on this data. This review discusses the latest evidence surrounding the tumour biology and immune landscape of colorectal cancer, novel immunotherapies and the interaction of the immune system with each apex of the tripartite of cancer management (oncotherapeutics, radiotherapy and surgery). By utilising the synergy of chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapies, and identifying prognostic and predictive immunological biomarkers, we may enter an era of unprecedented disease control, survivorship and cure rates.

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Curative therapy for rectal cancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

A predictive nomogram model for low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection

A predictive nomogram model for low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection

Comparative Evaluation of Preoperative Short Course Radiotherapy Versus Long Course Chemoradiotherapy for the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

The therapeutic and prognostic implications of immunobiology in colorectal cancer: a review

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