Curcumin and its analog alleviate diabetes-induced damages by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in brain of diabetic rats

Abstract

Background Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes complication with cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disability. The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy is believed to be relevant with oxidative stress, vascular amylin deposition, immune receptors, inflammation, etc. This study wanted to evaluate the ability of curcumin and its analog A13 to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced damages in brain. Methods Sixty adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, curcumin-treated diabetes mellitus (CUR) group, high dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (HA) group, low dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (LA) group. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65) pathway was detected by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot; oxidative stress was detected by biochemical detection kit; brain tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Myelin staining. Results RT-qPCR, IHC staining and Western blot showed that curcumin and A13 treatment could inhibit the NF-κB p65 pathway. Curcumin and A13 increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the brain of diabetic rats. Furthermore, HE staining and Myelin staining demonstrated that the histological lesions of the brain in diabetic rats could be significantly ameliorated by curcumin and A13. Conclusion Curcumin analog A13 could alleviate the damages in the brain of diabetes rats by regulating the pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress. A13 may be a new potential therapeutic agent for diabetic encephalopathy.

Effect of eugenol on lipid profile, oxidative stress, sex hormone, liver injury, ovarian failure, and expression of COX-2 and PPAR-α genes in a rat model of diabetes

“…Increased COX − 2 and decreased PPAR-α in diabetes rats can con rm the induction of oxidative stress, in ammation, and dyslipidemia. Similar results were reported by Miao et al (2021) and Hu et al (2013), too [38,39].…”

Curcumin Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Pyroptosis through AKT/Nrf2/ARE Pathway

“…Current research has found that curcumin has a good therapeutic effect on the complications of diabetes. Curcumin can inhibit the NF- κ B/p65 pathway in the nervous system of diabetic rats, increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase and reducing the level of inflammatory factors [ 38 ]. ALTamimi found that curcumin could inhibit the PKC β /p66shc axis and activate FOXO-3a, reversing diabetic nephropathy in rats [ 39 ].…”

Curcumin as Prospective Anti-Aging Natural Compound: Focus on Brain

“…The investigation of curcumin effects on diabetic rats’ brains has demonstrated that curcumin or curcumin analogue A13 treatment reduced inflammation through inhibiting NF-κB p65 canonical pathway and decreasing the level of TNF-α and Cox-2 in the in diabetic rats’ cerebral cortex. Curcumin and A13 decreased oxidative stress through increasing the activity of SOD and decreased the malondialdehyde MDA level in the brain of diabetic rats [ 83 ]. These findings highlight the importance of neuroprotective effect of curcumin against the brain damage in diabetic rats by regulating both inflammation and oxidative stress.…”