Curing behaviors and thermomechanical properties of novolac cyanate–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane copolymers

Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions

“…It has proved useful in the determination of the mechanical and volume relaxation properties of photochemically crosslinked multifunctional (meth)acrylate-based compositions intended as materials for data storage systems, as well as in rheological studies of isothermally crosslinked epoxy resins, viscoelastic properties of thiol-ene/acrylate systems, photocured dental prosthesis resins, and microscopic phase separation studies in epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins. [231][232][233][234] DMA can be used to characterize or monitor reactions analogous to coupling mass spectrometers to monitor reactions by a switching valve with a sample loop. 235 Moreover, modifications to the method are possible, such as coupling it with another, as described by Zwartkruis et al They introduced a hyphenated time-resolved technique that allows the measurement of reactive group conversion ( polymerization) while simultaneously monitoring network formation by the development of mechanical properties with real-time dynamic mechanical analysis near-infrared spectroscopy (RT-DMA/NIRS).…”

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

“…The major part of cyanate esters industrially produced are aromatic polymers with strong rigidity of their cured phase, so blending with other thermosets to improve their processability in the composite industry is needed (Nair et al, 2001;Kandelbauer, 2014). The literature reports the effect of different nanofillers on the cure of CE resin (Amirova et al, 2021), in particular the introduction of silica (Bershtein et al, 2021), POSS (Li et al, 2021) was widely investigated. Combination of carbon fibers and nanofillers for ablative purposes have been recently considered in the paper of Rao et al, 2021b, where the authors studied the effect of organo-FIGURE 7 | Impact strengths and flexural moduli of BA and BD resin (4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) and renewable bis(5-allyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) methane (ABE) from bio-based lignin derivative as a function of allyl to imide molar ratio (n) (A); Biobased thermosetting resins based on bismaleimide and allyl-etherified eugenol derivatives (B); T g and renewable carbon contents of BTP, BD and other eugenol derived BMI resins (C); TGA curves of cured AEG/BMI (EB) (allyl-etherified eugenol prepolymerized with 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, with allyl/maleimide unit ratios of 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3 (D) Reprinted with permission from (Neda et al 2014;Miao et al, 2019;Ge et al, 2017).…”

Effect of Amino-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes on Structure-Property Relationships of Thermostable Hybrid Cyanate Ester Resin Based Nanocomposites

“…Unfortunately, the latter improvement is often achieved at the expense of thermal stability. This deficiency is remedied by the synthesis of nanocomposites of CER with montmorillonite (MMT) [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], carbon nanotubes [ 41 , 42 ], nanostructured aluminum borate [ 43 ], ZnO [ 44 ], ZrW 2 O 8 [ 45 ], nanosilica [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ], and other nanofillers. The most pronounced effect on mechanical and thermal properties of CERs is achieved when nanoparticles with organically modified surface are used, as they may react with polymer networks.…”

“…In the case of reactive R, 3-D POSS molecules with diameters of 1–2 nm, they may graft chemically to polymer structures. New hybrid organic–inorganic CER-based thermosets with hydroxyl- [ 49 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 69 , 72 ], amino- [ 50 , 53 ], epoxy- [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], cyanate- [ 67 ], benzoxazinyl- [ 71 ] or methacrylate-functionalized [ 73 ] POSS units have thus been obtained with improved thermal and mechanical properties.…”