Curing of Epoxy Resin DER-331 by Hexakis(4-acetamidophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and Properties of the Prepared Composition

The phase state diagram of the poly(vinyl methyl ether)-water system in a wide concentration range was obtained by the optical interferometry method. It was shown that this system was characterized by a complicated phase equilibrium with two lower critical solution temperatures, one of which was located in the concentrated region at 21 °C, and the other one in the region of a dilute solution at 31 °C. In the framework of the Flory–Huggins theory, pair interaction parameters were calculated for different parts of the binodal curves, and an attempt was made to reverse simulate the diagram in different conditions. It was suggested that the unusual character of the diagram was associated with the formation of a complicated complex between PVME and water in the middle region of the compositions. Concentration profiles for different temperatures were constructed. For the first time for this system, the numerical values of the diffusion coefficients of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) into water and water in PVME were obtained. Concentration and temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients were constructed and analyzed. The kinetics of water sorption in PVME was plotted, the clustering integral was calculated, and the approximate number of molecules in a water cluster was estimated. It was shown that in the dilute solution region upon passing through the binodal curve, the interphase disappeared immediately, and the remaining fluctuation of the concentration decreased in size with time. The kinetics of this process was estimated from the change in the size of such a particle.

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“…The process of the Oswald ripening is also possible. Similar effects were observed earlier on oligomeric systems in [40,41].…”

Section: Particles Dissolution Kinetics Of Dispersed Phasessupporting

confidence: 89%

Phase Equilibrium and Interdiffusion in Poly(Vinyl Methyl Ether)-Water System

Nikulova

Chalykh

2020

Polymers

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“…Previously, we have shown that parameters of the critical point of a phase diagram (PD) and its distance from the curing isotherm determine the type of the forming phase structure and sizes of the phases [ 14 , 15 ]. Thus, the properties of heterogeneous systems are dependent on the mutual solubility and translational mobility of the components and kinetics of the chemical reaction, which affect the formation of the phase structure of the composite material and their properties [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibrium, Morphology, and Physico-Mechanics in Epoxy–Thermoplastic Mixtures with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures

et al. 2020

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The mutual solubility of epoxy oligomer with polysulfone (PSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) was studied by optical interferometry. Additionally, phase diagrams (PDs) were plotted and their evolution during the curing process was shown. The phase structures of modified hardened systems, as well as their tensile strengths, elastic moduli, and crack resistance, have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and physico-mechanical techniques. The effect of initial components’ mutual solubility on the phase structure and, subsequently, on the physico-mechanical properties of the composite material is shown. Differences in the structure and properties of the cured modified compositions depending on the type of PD (with Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) for PSU and Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) for PES) of the initial components are shown.

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“…The other example is hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, which is used as a highly effective flame retardant for a large number of synthetic polymers. A number of effective flame-retarded functional epoxy resins, amine curing agents and benzoxazines with a phosphazene core have been proposed [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Carboxyl-containing epoxyphosphazenes and their use as a catalyst for the polymerization of benzoxazines have also been reported [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Application of Arylaminophosphazene as a Flame Retardant and Catalyst for the Polymerization of Benzoxazines

et al. 2021

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A novel type of phosphazene containing an additive that acts both as a catalyst and as a flame retardant for benzoxazine binders is presented in this study. The synthesis of a derivative of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP) and meta-toluidine was carried out in the medium of the latter, which made it possible to achieve the complete substitution of chlorine atoms in the initial HCP. Thermal and flammability characteristics of modified compositions were investigated. The modifier catalyzes the process of curing and shifts the beginning of reaction from 222.0 °C for pure benzoxazine to 205.9 °C for composition with 10 phr of modifier. The additive decreases the glass transition temperature of compositions. Achievement of the highest category of flame resistance (V-0 in accordance with UL-94) is ensured both by increasing the content of phenyl residues in the composition and by the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. A brief study of the curing kinetics disclosed the complex nature of the reaction. An accurate two-step model is obtained using the extended Prout–Tompkins equation for both steps.

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Curing of Epoxy Resin DER-331 by Hexakis(4-acetamidophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and Properties of the Prepared Composition

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Phase Equilibrium and Interdiffusion in Poly(Vinyl Methyl Ether)-Water System

Phase Equilibrium and Interdiffusion in Poly(Vinyl Methyl Ether)-Water System

Phase Equilibrium, Morphology, and Physico-Mechanics in Epoxy–Thermoplastic Mixtures with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures

Synthesis and Application of Arylaminophosphazene as a Flame Retardant and Catalyst for the Polymerization of Benzoxazines

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