Curing of epoxy resins with diphenyliodonium salts as thermal initiators

Gu, Juesheng; Narang, Subhash C.; Pearce, Eli M.

doi:10.1002/app.1985.070300722

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In general, the polymerization reaction of cationic epoxy system leads to a Lewis acid process. 13 Gu et al 5 who had studied on diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate/ epoxy system suggested that the two different curing reactions occur. Based on Gu's suggestion and DSC results, it may be considered that two separate initiation reactions behave as follows; …”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And it has been proved by Pappers et al 3 and Endo et al 4 that several sulfonium salts act as thermally latent cationic initiator in the curing reaction of epoxy resins, cyclic ethers, and vinyl monomers. Gu et al 5 and Morio et al 6 also reported that the aliphatic sulfonium salts can be also excellent thermally latent initiators for epoxy resins without any co-initiator. Generally, the network formation leading to the crosslinking in polymers is known as a complex process and it is of a specific interest in both basic and applied studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of N-Benzylpyrazinium Hexafluoroantimonate Concentration on Rheological Properties in Cationic Epoxy Cure System

Kim

Park

Lee

1997

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The rheological properties and initiation mechanism during the reactions of new catalytic (N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate, BPH) epoxy thermosetting system with increase of BPH concentration have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and steady shear measurements. This cationic catalyst system turned out to have an availability as themial latent initiator in the epoxy curing reaction. The dependence of viscosity on processing variables could be explained by structural change owing to the composition dependence of initiation reactions with increasing of BPH concentration. The temperature dependence on the induction time is well described by the Arrhenius expression, and the activation energies (E,) have similar values for various compositions, which indicates that the overall curing mechanisms are nearly same.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of N-Benzylpyrazinium Hexafluoroantimonate Concentration on Rheological Properties in Cationic Epoxy Cure System

Kim

Park

Lee

1997

Polym J

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“…The epoxy value of ECO was tested by the following procedure [27] : ECO (about 0.5 g) was weighed into a flask and 20 mL of hydrochloric acid-acetone solution added and swirled until the ECO sample was dissolved. Then, the solution was allowed to stand in the dark for 30 min and titrated with 0.1 mol$L -1 aqueous NaOH solution, using methanolic methyl red as an indicator.…”

Section: Epoxy Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of castor oil-based polymeric surfactants

Huang¹,

Liu²,

Shang³

et al. 2016

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Dehydrated castor oil was epoxidized using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and acetic acid peroxide as an oxidant to produce epoxidized castor oil (ECO). Ringopening polymerization with stannic chloride was used to produce polymerized ECO (PECO), and sodium hydroxide used to give hydrolyzed PECO (HPECO). The HPECO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The weight-average molecular weight of soluble PECO and HPECO were 5026 and 2274 g$mol -1 , respectively. PECO and HPECO exhibited glass transition. Through neutralizing the carboxylic acid of HPECO with different counterions, castor oil-based polymeric surfactants (HPECO-M, where M = Na + , K + or triethanolamine ion) exhibited high efficiency to reduce the surface tension of water. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of HPECO-M ranged from 0.042 to 0.098 g$L -1 and the minimum equilibrium surface tensions at CMC (g cmc ) of HPECO-M ranged from 25.6 to 30.0 mN$m -1 . The water-hexadecane interfacial energy was calculated from measured surface tension using harmonic and geometric mean methods. Measured values of water-hexadecane interfacial tension agreed well with those calculated using the harmonic and geometric mean methods.

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“…These complexes overcome the disadvantage of excessively rapid gelation, human toxicity, high hygroscopicity, and light instability [4]. Particularly, development of latent catalysts for cationic polymerization is desirable for enhancement of both the pot-life and handling of thermosetting resins [5,6]. Among them, N-benzylpyrazinium salt has been shown to be an excellent latent thermal initiator for epoxy matrix resins [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Preparation of the Eco-friendly Carbon Fibers-Reinforced Composites

Choi

Seo²

2013

Carbon letters

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In this work, the effect of catalysts on the mechanical properties of carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites cured by cationic latent thermal catalysts, i.e., N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was executed for thermal characterization of the epoxy matrix system. Mechanical interfacial properties of the composites were studied by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), critical stress intensity factor (K IC ), and specific fracture energy (G IC ). As a result, the conversion of neat epoxy matrix cured by BPH was higher than that of one cured by diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). The ILSS, K IC , G IC , and impact strength of the composites cured by BPH were also superior to those of the composites cured by DDM. This was probably the consequence of the effect of the substituted benzene group of BPH catalyst, resulting in an increase in the cross-link density and structural stability of the composites studied.

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Curing of epoxy resins with diphenyliodonium salts as thermal initiators

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of N-Benzylpyrazinium Hexafluoroantimonate Concentration on Rheological Properties in Cationic Epoxy Cure System

Effects of N-Benzylpyrazinium Hexafluoroantimonate Concentration on Rheological Properties in Cationic Epoxy Cure System

Synthesis and characterization of castor oil-based polymeric surfactants

A Study on the Preparation of the Eco-friendly Carbon Fibers-Reinforced Composites

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