Current and emerging biologics for the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous lesions, pruritus, and a skin barrier defect. Long-term treatment in children is challenging, as there is only one Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic medication.Current treatments may have limited efficacy or serious side effects in children. With a deeper

New Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis Targeting Skin Barrier Repair via the Regulation of FLG Expression

“…In two recent trials focused on adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (LIBERTY AD ADOL) and children aged between 6 and 12 years (LIBERTY AD PEDS), dupilumab showed long-term safety and efficacy also in those age groups [ 125 , 126 ]. Many trials with dupilumab in the pediatric population are ongoing, including evaluation of the efficacy in patients aged 6 months to 17 years, and characterizing long-term safety and efficacy with long-term use [ 127 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

“…Lebrikizumab was well tolerated with most common adverse events such as upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis and herpesvirus infections that were mild and occurred at a similar incidence in lebrikizumab groups compared to placebo [ 138 ]. Lebrikizumab is currently in phase 3 trials in adults and children with AD aged 12 years and more [ 127 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

“…The ECZTRA 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in combination with TCs in AD, which is more reflective of the likely clinical use in daily practice [ 142 ]. The use of tralokinumab in pediatric AD is currently being studied in two phase 3 clinical trials [ 127 ]. Other biologic such as ASLAN004, a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-13Rα1 receptor, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of AD [ 130 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy in atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria: immunological and clinical viewpoints

“…Many immunopathogeneses have been reported. Briefly, AD is a representative complicated allergic disease that is mediated through Th2 cells and the resultant allergic skin inflammation as a form of generalized or local eczema [ 7 ]. Generalized or local wheals and/or angioedema are the characteristic skin eruptions of CU, which are mediated by histamine that is produced through the IgE-FcRε-MAST cell granulation-histamine pathway [ 8 ].…”

“…Although skin eruption and itching are representative symptoms and signs in AD and CU, the forms of skin eruption are completely different in these two diseases. Eczematous lesions are the typical form of skin lesions in AD, while wheals, hives and/or angioedema are the characteristic skin eruptions of CU, and these have different immunopathogeneses [ 7 , 8 ].…”