Current and Future Reproductive Technologies for Avian Species

Ramachandran, Ramesh

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_2

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Yet even with controlled feed intake, a "double" preovulatory hierarchy (resulting from more than 1 follicle selected into the preovulatory hierarchy each day) can still develop that inevitably results in more than 1 ovulation per day (double-yolk eggs) and represents an infertile condition. Currently, reasons proposed to explain 2 or more selected follicles per day in broiler breeders include elevated FSHR expression within prehierarchal follicles, excessive production of metabolic hormones such as leptin (but, see discussion above), IGF-I, IGF-II, glucagon, and/or elevated circulating AMH (for review, see 60). Based upon a current working hypothesis ( Figure 1), a reasonable prediction is that multiple follicles selected per day result from the initiation of FSH and/or VIP signaling via cAMP in more than 1 prehierarchal follicle.…”

Section: Summary and Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The avian ovary and follicle development: some comparative and practical insights

Johnson¹

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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This review focuses on recent research related to the avian ovary and, in particular, cellular mechanisms mediating embryonic growth of the ovary, postembryonic follicular development, and the process of follicular selection. Attention is drawn to a variety of fundamental, yet unresolved, aspects of ovarian function, several of which are uniquely related to avian reproductive strategies. Some notable differences in ovarian function between birds and the most closely related extant group, the crocodilians, are illustrated. Moreover, because the sauropsid (reptilian and avian) and synapsid (mammalian) lineages diverged shortly after the emergence of amniotes some 340 million years ago, consideration is given to both derived and convergent characteristics of ovarian function in avian species versus those in eutherian mammals. Two examples of divergent characteristics are the differences in sex-determining mechanisms between birds and mammals and the requirement for progesterone synthesized within the follicular granulosa as a requirement for ovulation in virtually all species of birds, compared to the site of synthesis and role for estradiol in mammals. As an example of a convergent process, both birds and select mammals (e.g., humans, cattle, and horses) typically ovulate a single egg per reproductive cycle, yet the processes associated with follicular selection occur via unique mechanisms. Finally, reference is made to several practical outcomes from studies of the avian ovary, including applications within the poultry industry and use of the domestic hen ovary as a model for human ovarian cancer.

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Section: Summary and Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The avian ovary and follicle development: some comparative and practical insights

Johnson¹

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Broiler breeders are the parent stock of broiler chickens and have the same genetic predisposition for fast growth and high feed intake as their progeny (Ramachandran, 2014). However, broiler breeders fed ad libitum develop obesity-related problems such as lameness, high mortality, low egg production, and low fertility rates (Katanbaf et al, 1989a,b; Bruggeman et al, 1999; Hocking et al, 2002; Heck et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alternative feeding strategies for broiler breeder pullets: 2. Welfare and performance during lay

et al. 2019

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Feeding broiler breeders to satiety has negative consequences on their health and reproduction. Alternative feeding strategies during rearing can improve welfare, although their implications during lay are not well understood. The objective was to examine the effect of rearing feeding treatments on the reproductive performance and feeding behavior of broiler breeders under simulated commercial conditions. At 3 wk of age, 1,680 Ross 308 pullets were allocated to 24 pens under 1 of 4 isocaloric treatments: 1) daily control diet; 2) daily alternative diet (40% soybean hulls and 1 to 5% calcium propionate); 3) 4/3 control diet (4 on-feed days, 3 non-consecutive off-feed days per week); and 4) graduated control diet. Feeding frequency of the graduated treatment varied with age and finished on a daily basis. At 23 wk of age, group sizes were adjusted to 40 hens, and 5 mature Yield Plus Males roosters were introduced to each pen. Pens were under the same daily feeding management and same diet during lay. The performance of broiler breeders (growth rate, body weight uniformity, and reproductive performance) was determined until 64 wk of age. At the end of lay, feeding motivation was examined with a feed intake test and a compensatory feeding test. Data were analyzed using linear mixed regression models, with pen nested in the models and age as a repeated measure. The laying rate of hens reared on the graduated treatment decreased slower compared to control hens, resulting in a higher cumulative egg production (178.2 ± 3.8 eggs/hen) than control hens (165.2 ± 3.8 eggs/hen, P < 0.01) by 64 wk of age. Hens reared on non-daily feeding treatments laid lighter eggs with relatively heavier yolks and had higher feed intake at the end of lay than hens fed daily during rearing (P = 0.02). In conclusion, rearing feeding treatments impacted the growth rate and body weight uniformity during lay, feeding motivation at the end of lay, and the laying rate and hatchability depending on hens’ age.

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“…In addition, a recent study described the differential expression of adipokines in adipose tissue of two lines of meat-type chickens that have been genetically selected for either high (FL) or low (LL) visceral abdominal fatness [ 25 ]. In addition, overfeeding of hens led to reproductive deficiencies linked to the anarchic follicular hierarchy for females and a delay in sexual maturation in males [ 26 , 27 ]. Finally, the egg presents an opportunity to directly manipulate the developmental milieu and study the consequences on adipose metabolism via in ovo injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken Is a Useful Model to Investigate the Role of Adipokines in Metabolic and Reproductive Diseases

Mellouk

Ramé

Barbe

et al. 2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Reproduction is a complex and essential physiological process required by all species to produce a new generation. This process involves strict hormonal regulation, depending on a connection between the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and peripheral organs. Metabolic homeostasis influences the reproductive functions, and its alteration leads to disturbances in the reproductive functions of humans as well as animals. For a long time, adipose tissue has been recognised as an endocrine organ but its ability to secrete and release hormones called adipokines is now emerging. Adipokines have been found to play a major role in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive processes at both central and peripheral levels. Leptin was initially the first adipokine that has been described to be the most involved in the metabolism/reproduction interrelation in mammals. In avian species, the role of leptin is still under debate. Recently, three novel adipokines have been discovered: adiponectin (ADIPOQ, ACRP30), visfatin (NAMPT, PBEF), and chemerin (RARRES2, TIG2). However, their mode of action between mammalian and nonmammalian species is different due to the different reproductive and metabolic systems. Herein, we will provide an overview of the structure and function related to metabolic and reproductive mechanisms of the latter three adipokines with emphasis on avian species.

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Current and Future Reproductive Technologies for Avian Species

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

The avian ovary and follicle development: some comparative and practical insights

The avian ovary and follicle development: some comparative and practical insights

The effect of alternative feeding strategies for broiler breeder pullets: 2. Welfare and performance during lay

Chicken Is a Useful Model to Investigate the Role of Adipokines in Metabolic and Reproductive Diseases

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