Current and potential distribution of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus lakei ((Murrill) A.H. Sm. & Thiers) in its invasion range

Abstract

Suillus lakei is an ectomycorrhizal fungus native to North America and known in Europe, South America, and New Zealand. This contribution aims to illustrate the worldwide biogeography of S. lakei based on sporocarp records. Species distribution modeling was used to assess the suitable niche distribution of S. lakei, based on the climatic variables as well as distribution of its ectomycorrhizal partner, Douglas fir. In general, distribution of suitable niches of S. lakei greatly overlaps with the distribution of Douglas fir in North America. By spatial distribution modeling, we found that the precipitation of the coldest quarters, isothermality, and annual mean temperature are important factors influencing the potential distribution of S. lakei. Nevertheless, the most crucial factor limiting expansion of S. lakei in its invasion range is Douglas fir occurrence. This factor reached an 86.4% contribution for the S. lakei species distribution model. Additionally, we compare the aboveground and belowground presence of S. lakei based on surveys in the field. Our study shows that even extremely low abundance of ectomycorrhizas can open the possibility of using an ectomycorrhiza survey for their quantification as a good indicator of the presence of S. lakei in field conditions. Both sporocarps and ectomycorrhizas occurred only in gardens, where Douglas fir seedlings were outplanted at the beginning of the 1990s as an ornamental plant. Presumably, international trade of ornamental plants was one possible route of introduction of S. lakei to Poland.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00572-018-0836-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Quo vadis? Historical distribution and impact of climate change on the worldwide distribution of the Australasian fungus Clathrus archeri (Phallales, Basidiomycota)

“…2100-8200 (vs 2800-5800), and precipitation seasonality (bio15) values up to 80 mm (vs up to 40 mm). The current potential range of C. archeri in Europe is much broader than its actual occurrence as revealed by the occurrence data (Table 5), further confirming our previous studies showing that the realized niches of nonnative fungi are smaller than the predicted niches (Pietras et al 2018;Banasiak et al 2019;Pietras 2019;Pietras and Kolanowska 2019). Our model indicated that numerous suitable habitats are located in Europe, e.g., in the British Isles, Apennine Peninsula, Carpathians, Balkans, and Eastern Europe, where no GBIF records of the fungus are currently available (GBIF.org, 26 October 2018b).…”

“…Species distribution models are rather infrequently used in research on nonpathogenic fungi. Thus far, analyses of the future distributions of these organisms have been implemented in biogeographical studies on Boletales in North America (Pietras et al 2018;Banasiak et al 2019;Pietras 2019;Pietras and Kolanowska 2019) and on rare wood-inhabiting saprotrophs restricted to European boreal forests (Kujawska et al 2021). Therefore, studies of C. archeri and its introduction outside of its native range contribute to the discussion on the occurrence of nonpathogenic fungi outside their natural habitats.…”

“…In contrast to regional scales, where soil conditions become more important, the climate can be considered the most important factor influencing the species distribution at the continental scale (Pearson and Dawson 2003). Precipitation values during the driest or coldest quarters were the most decisive factors influencing the occurrence of suilloid fungi outside their native ranges (Pietras et al 2018;Pietras 2019;Pietras and Kolanowska 2019). Changes in precipitation during the vegetation season are regarded as crucial drivers affecting the sporocarp production of edible fungi (Taye et al 2016;Salerni et al 2014).…”

“…The few existing biogeographic studies of non-pathogenic fungi have focused mainly on mycorrhizal fungi (Hao et al 2020). Suilloid fungi, which were cointroduced with their pine tree mycorrhizal partners, are among the well-described examples showing the biogeography and probable pathways of introduction (Vellinga et al 2009;Pietras et al 2018;Pietras 2019;Pietras and Kolanowska 2019;Policelli et al 2019). Descriptions of the introduction of wood-inhabiting Favolaschia calocera to Italy (Vizzini et al 2009), saprobic Amanita inopinata (Fraiture and di Giangregorio 2013) to Belgium, and ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides (Pringle and Vellinga 2006;Pringle et al 2009) to the USA are among the few examples of the well-described introduction pathways of fungi.…”

Fungarium specimens: a largely untapped source in global change biology and beyond

“…Nonetheless, there were also many species-specific environmental responses, as found for plants and animals, highlighting the need for more studies that attempt to link species responses to key life-history traits. In a recent study [44], the distribution of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus lakei was found to be mainly impacted by the tree host distribution (Douglas fir) but they also observed that precipitation of the coldest quarters, isothermality and annual mean temperature were important factors influencing the potential distribution of S. lakei. This example suggests that biotic variables will be important to include when generating fungal SDMs ( figure 3).…”