2015
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12144
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Current and Recent Advanced Strategies for Combating Biofilms

Abstract: Biofilms are matrix-enclosed microbial aggregates that adhere to a biological or nonbiological surface. Biofilm formation is a significant problem in the medical, food, and marine industries and can lead to substantial economic and health problems. The complex microbial community of a biofilm is highly resistant to antibiotics and sanitizers and confers persistent survival that is a challenge to overcome. There are several conventional approaches to combating biofilms, physical and/or mechanical removal, chemi… Show more

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Cited by 233 publications
(163 citation statements)
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References 271 publications
(260 reference statements)
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“…1 It is well known that biofilm forming pathogens are responsible for severe infections which are generally very difficult to treat. 3 Recently the rise of biofilm infections have caused an increasing demand for the development of novel natural antimicrobials derived from plants used in ethnomedicine. 2 Therefore, biofilms present severe problems for food industry as well as for medical and healthcare industries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 It is well known that biofilm forming pathogens are responsible for severe infections which are generally very difficult to treat. 3 Recently the rise of biofilm infections have caused an increasing demand for the development of novel natural antimicrobials derived from plants used in ethnomedicine. 2 Therefore, biofilms present severe problems for food industry as well as for medical and healthcare industries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the first step, the microbe is reversibly attached to a surface through a weak interaction (such as the van der Waals forces) with an abiotic or biotic surface. In the second step, irreversible attachment is mediated by flagella, pili, and other surface appendages or particular receptors (Sadekuzzaman, Yang, Mizan, & Ha, ). The multilayered cells are accumulated by subdivision, then, they start production of their self‐produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA, which facilitate the maturation of the biofilm (Elbarasi, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sonication is well established as a method to clean surfaces and aid in the removal of biofilms from many types of material surfaces (17)(18)(19). Sonication can be applied to remove adhered biofilms while maintaining cell viability, if employed properly (14,20,21).…”
Section: Importancementioning
confidence: 99%