Current approaches for prophylactic cranial irradiation in extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma

Yazıcı, Ozan; Özdemir, Nuriye; Şendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit; Aksoy, Sercan; Zengi̇n, Nurullah

doi:10.1185/03007995.2014.904771

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…It remains unclear if the benefits of PCI in small cell lung cancer can be extrapolated to patients with small cell bladder cancer. Few of the published studies discussing PCI in extrapulmonary small cell have included primary bladder tumors, (8, 13-17) the largest documented series citing only 3 patients (2). Most have discouraged the use of PCI in this population as the incidence of brain metastases is thought to be as low as 5 – 18% (2, 8, 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small cell bladder cancer: should we consider prophylactic cranial irradiation?

et al. 2019

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Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in patients with small cell bladder cancer at our institution, including those who received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for the prevention of intracranial recurrence. Materials and Methods: Patients with small cell bladder cancer treated at a single institution between January 1990 and August 2015 were identified and analyzed retrospectively for demographics, tumor stage, treatment, and overall survival. Results: Of 44 patients diagnosed with small cell bladder cancer, 11 (25%) had metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Treatment included systemic chemotherapy (70%), radical surgery (59%), and local radiation (39%). Six patients (14%) received PCI. Median overall survival was 10 months (IQR 4 – 41). Patients with extensive disease had worse overall survival than those with organ confined disease (8 months vs. 36 months, respectively, p = 0.04). Among those who received PCI, 33% achieved 5 - year survival. Conclusion: Outcomes for patients with small cell bladder cancer remain poor. Further research is indicated to determine if PCI increases overall survival in small call bladder cancer patients, especially those with extensive disease who respond to chemotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, PCI has become a standard of care in some patients with small cell cancer of the lung. However, it is unclear if the same survival benefit of PCI extends to patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma, where the reported incidence of brain metastases is only 5 – 18% (2, 8, 9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small cell bladder cancer: should we consider prophylactic cranial irradiation?

et al. 2019

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“…The literature remains controversial regarding giving PCI to patients with small cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Yacizi suggested that since extrapulmonary primary small cell carcinoma in the head and neck region have a high incidence of brain metastasis at 41%, PCI should be considered for these patients [ 14 ]. While Mason suggests that brain metastases are rare for these patients and prophylactic cranial irradiation is not warranted [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx

Sun

Fairchild

Debenham

2018

Cureus

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Small cell carcinoma is rarely found to originate from the hypopharynx and there exists no treatment guidelines due to the small number of cases. Here, we present a case of a female patient with metastatic small cell carcinoma originating from the posterior hypopharynx with lymph node involvement. Her treatment consisted of chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin as well as radiation therapy. Her post-treatment computed tomography (CT) scan indicated resolution of the disease at the primary site and follow-up positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan at three-month post radiation therapy revealed that the patient is clear of the disease.

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“…For small cell lung cancer (SCLC) the addition of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to the treatment leads to both a significant risk reduction of brain metastases and prolonged survival [3] . The risk of haematogenous metastases from small cell head and neck cancer is lower than that of SCLC, yet still significant, and PCI has been recommended for selected cases of small cell head and neck cancer [2] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . Adding PCI after radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer is sub-optimal from a dosimetric point of view, as some areas of the brain already received a radiation dose from the primary tumour irradiation, that may cause late side effects, and probably has a low effect on tumour cells, as the dose per fraction is very low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous integrated prophylactic cranial irradiation in sino-nasal cancer

Jensen

Sharma

Lenler-Eriksen

et al. 2017

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology

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Therapy for small cell cancer and high grade neuroendocrine tumours of the paranasal sinuses is extrapolated from the treatment of small cell lung cancer and paranasal cancer of different histologies. Prophylactic cranial irradiation has proven survival benefit in small cell lung cancer.Two patients with aggressive cancer of the paranasal sinuses received radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated prophylactic brain irradiation, using two sequential plans. Chemotherapy was given before, during and after radiotherapy.None of the patients had intracranial recurrence. One patient experienced severe, but transient encephalitis-like symptoms that could only be attributed to radiotherapy. No long term side effects in the CNS were observed.The treatment was feasible, but with possible severe, but transient side effects. It should be considered in cases with head and neck cancer, with a high risk of intracerebral metastasis, as well as a significant overlap between the primary irradiated volume and the brain.

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Current approaches for prophylactic cranial irradiation in extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma

Cited by 22 publications

References 69 publications

Small cell bladder cancer: should we consider prophylactic cranial irradiation?

Small cell bladder cancer: should we consider prophylactic cranial irradiation?

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx

Simultaneous integrated prophylactic cranial irradiation in sino-nasal cancer

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