Current, Continuous, and Cumulative Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A New Model for Trauma Counseling

Kira, Ibrahim A.; Ashby, Jeffrey S.; Omidy, Andrea Z.; Lewandowski, Linda

doi:10.17744/mehc.37.4.04

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Some suggested augmenting the cognitive and exposure approaches by adding pre-cognitive meta-motivational factors such as stimulating the "will-to exist-live and survive" (WTELS) (Kira, Özcan, Shuwiekh, et al, 2020;. Others tried to develop continuous trauma-focused interventions (e.g., Kira et al, 2015;Murray et al, 2013). A multisystemic perspective may be appropriate to deal with such complex traumas that affect multiple systems (e.g., Bell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey

et al. 2021

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There is a need to accurately assess the specific impacts of the various traumatic stressors caused by COVID-19 on mental health. The goal was to evaluate the impact of different types of COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, lockdown, and economic stressors) on mental health and cognitive functioning. We used a sample of 262 Turkish adults. We administered an online questionnaire that included measures of COVID-19 traumatic stressors, PTSD, depression, anxiety, executive function deficits, and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST). The analyses included correlations, hierarchical regression, path analysis, and PROCESS mediation analysis. All COVID-19 traumatic stressors types and their cumulative load predicted PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits after controlling for previous cumulative stressors and traumas and COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 lockdown’s stressors were the strongest predictors, compared to COVID-19 fears and economic stressors. Path analysis and PROCESS mediation results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors had direct effects on working memory deficits, direct and indirect effects on PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and indirect effects on inhibition deficits. Anxiety, depression, and inhibition deficits mediated its indirect effects on PTSD. The results have conceptual and clinical implications. COVID-19 continuous posttraumatic stress syndrome that includes comorbid PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits is different and does not fit within the current trauma frameworks. There is a need for a paradigm shift in current stress and trauma frameworks to account for the COVID-19 continuous global stressors and for clinical innovations in intervention to help its victims. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01743-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey

et al. 2021

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“…Working with religious leaders to fight suicidality among their followers can be potentially effective. Interventions that are focused on strengthening identity commitment and belonging of persons at risk should minimize or prevent the sudden emergence of suicidality (e.g., Kira, Ashby, Omidy, & Lewandowski, 2015;Kira & Tummala-Narra, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Kira¹,

Barger²,

Shuwiekh³

et al. 2019

PSYCH

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The unpredictability of suicide is one of the mental health challenges. Based on the threshold model cumulative stressors and traumas interact with a person's characteristics to produce non-linearly suicidality. The current study tests this non-linear relationship using Catastrophe cusp theory. We used cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) as bifurcation control factor and age as asymmetry control factor and suicide as outcome Cusp factor. We utilized three combined previously collected data sets (N = 967) from Western (the UK, N = 177) and non-Western countries (Egypt: N = 490, and Kuwait: N = 300). The combined dataset included 22% adolescents, 40.2% males. Age ranged from 14-75. The measures included cumulative stressors and traumas, interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience and suicidality. Further, we used measures of interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience to explore some of the protective factors. We used correlation, curve estimation regression and Cusp catastrophe statistical method to test the hypothesis of the non-linear threshold cusp (sudden shift) model. The explained variance by Cusp catastrophe model non-linear model was highly superior (R 2 = 0.762) to the linear model (R 2 = 0.045) in predicting suicidality. Further, results found that interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience were powerful protective factors from the sudden emergence of suicidality. We discussed the implications of the results to the conceptualization, prevention, and interventions with suicidal behavior.

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“…It was long suspected that GD may account for well-known gender differences in psychiatric symptoms (Klonoff, Landrine, & Campbell, 2000) and their negative mental health effects were found to be salient across cultures . Paradigms that address the mental health consequences of such chronic potentially traumatic events of discrimination that include GD from its roots are emerging (e.g., Kira, Ashby, Omidy, & Lewandowski, 2015;Kira, & Tummala-Narra, 2014), and still need to be further developed.…”

Section: Discussion: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Discrimination (GD): A Conceptual Trauma-Based Framework for GD and the Development of Gender Discrimination Inventory

Kira¹,

Hanaa²,

Bujold-Bugeaud³

2015

PSYCH

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A comprehensive plausible conceptual model of Gender Discrimination (GD) and accurate measures of its components are lacking. Current study developed a conceptual model of GD derived from the development-based trauma framework (DBT) and constructed measures for GD and its coping dynamics and tested them in two studies on Egyptian female college students. The first study conducted on a sample of 150, and the second study conducted on 311 participants. Exploratory factor analysis in the first sample, and confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample confirmed three components of GD (GD by parents attitudes, GD by parents behavior, and GD by society), and three components of GD coping dynamics (gender identity conflict (GIC), internalized GD, and GD resistance). GD measures are found to have generally good reliability and stability, good construct, and predictive validity. Using path analysis in the second study, GD, controlling for other life traumas, predicted a significant decrease in self-esteem and self-efficacy and increase in existential anxiety, which mediated its effects on PTSD and complex PTSD. GIC and internalized GD further moderated GD effects. GD inventory that includes 6 measures with 33 items can be a parsimonious tool for future research on GD.

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Current, Continuous, and Cumulative Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A New Model for Trauma Counseling

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey

The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Gender Discrimination (GD): A Conceptual Trauma-Based Framework for GD and the Development of Gender Discrimination Inventory

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