Current evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells

Macaluso, Filippo; Myburgh, Kathryn H.

doi:10.1007/s10974-012-9302-0

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The effects of exogenous testosterone on skeletal muscle are well known [34], and consequently, the role of endogenous testosterone on contractile protein synthesis and satellite cells is well established [35-38]. Endurance exercise for 6 weeks induced hypertrophy, as the anterior hindlimb muscle groups of both trained groups were heavier than the sedentary groups; although a main effect of supplementation was detected, the hypertrophy recorded in the mice treated with CLA was not significantly higher than the placebo, most likely due to the reduced number of mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

et al. 2013

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A new role for fat supplements, in particular conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been delineated in steroidogenesis, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the pathway stimulated by CLA supplementation using a cell culture model and to determine whether this same pathway is also stimulated in vivo by CLA supplementation associated with exercise. In vitro, Leydig tumour rat cells (R2C) supplemented with different concentrations of CLA exhibited increasing testosterone biosynthesis accompanied by increasing levels of CYP17A1 mRNA and protein. In vivo, trained mice showed an increase in free plasma testosterone and an up-regulation of CYP17A1 mRNA and protein. The effect of training on CYP17A1 expression and testosterone biosynthesis was significantly higher in the trained mice supplemented with CLA compared to the placebo. The results of the present study demonstrated that CLA stimulates testosterone biosynthesis via CYP17A1, and endurance training led to the synthesis of testosterone in vivo by inducing the overexpression of CYP17A1 mRNA and protein in the Leydig cells of the testis. This effect was enhanced by CLA supplementation. Therefore, CLA-associated physical activity may be used for its steroidogenic property in different fields, such as alimentary industry, human reproductive medicine, sport science, and anti-muscle wasting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

et al. 2013

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“…Improved stem cell production and release also contributes to the benefits derived from exercise (Macaluso and Myburgh 2012). Endothelial progenitor cells stimulated by exercise have been shown to migrate to the damaged endothelium to initiate repair or angiogenesis, improving vascular function (Crosby et al 2000;Moreno et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise mitigates the adverse effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on macrophages, MMP-9, skeletal muscle, and white adipocytes

Winchester

Veeranki

Givvimani

et al. 2014

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Regular exercise is a great medicine with its benefits encompassing everything from prevention of cardiovascular risk to alleviation of different muscular myopathies. Interestingly, elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), also known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), antagonizes beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2AR), gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) receptors. HHcy also stimulates an elevation of the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, resulting in a more inflammatory profile. In this review we discuss several potential targets altered by HHcy that result in myopathy and excessive fat accumulation. Several of these HHcy mediated changes can be countered by exercise and culminate into mitigation of HHcy induced myopathy and metabolic syndrome. We suggest that exercise directly impacts levels of Hcy, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), macrophages, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs, especially Gs). While HHcy promotes the M1 macrophage phenotype, it appears that exercise may diminish the M1/M2 ratio, resulting in a less inflammatory phenotype. HHcy through its influence on GPCRs, specifically β₂AR, PPARγ and GABA receptors, promotes accumulation of white fat, whereas exercise enhances the browning of white fat and counters HHcy-mediated effects on GPCRs. Alleviation of HHcy-associated pathologies with exercise also includes reversal of excessive MMP-9 activation. Moreover, exercise, by reducing plasma Hcy levels, may prevent skeletal muscle myopathy, improve exercise capacity and rescue the obese phenotype. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathological conditions surrounding HHcy and to clarify the importance of regular exercise as a method of disease prevention.

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“…It is strange to think that the cardiac tissue possesses a larger number of stem/progenitor cells compared to the other tissues found in our body, and it is hopeful that CPCs may vary in number with external stimuli or with age as it happens for other adult stem cells. 25,26 The hypothesis that the myocardium is a non-regenerative tissue is not valid anymore, and much evidence supports the new idea that there is at least one cardiac progenitor cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell populations in the heart and the role of Isl1 positive cells

Felice¹,

Zummo²

2013

Eur J Histochem

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Cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult hearts in several species and are able to differentiate at least into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The embryonic origin of these cells has not yet been demonstrated, but it has been suggested that these cells may derive from the first and secondary heart fields and from the neural crest. In the last decade, two different populations of cardiac progenitor or stem cells have been identified and isolated, i.e., the Islet1 positive (Isl1+) and c-Kit positive (c-Kit+)/Stem Cell Antigen-1 positive (Sca-1+) cells. Until 2012, these two populations have been considered two separate entities with different roles and a different origin, but new evidence now suggests a connection between the two populations and that the two populations may represent two subpopulations of a unique pool of cardiac stem cells, derived from a common immature primitive cell. To find a common consensus on this concept is very important in furthering the application of stem cells to cardiac tissue engineering.

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Current evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells

Cited by 47 publications

References 98 publications

Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

Exercise mitigates the adverse effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on macrophages, MMP-9, skeletal muscle, and white adipocytes

Stem cell populations in the heart and the role of Isl1 positive cells

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