Current extent, temporal trends, and rates of gully erosion in the Gumara watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia

Belayneh, Mengie; Yirgu, Teshome; Tsegaye, Dereje

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01255

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In terms of soil loss, our study indicated that the soil loss rate of the UA-GH-GB system initially increased to the peak value and then gradually declined and stabilized (Fig. 10), which was consistent with the results of many studies on rill and gully headcut erosion under different conditions (slope, initial step height, flow discharge, soil type, and soil stratification; Bennett, 1999;Bennett and Casalí, 2001;Gordon et al, 2007;Wells et al, 2009a;Shi et al, 2020a). Both the scour depth and sediment production increased in the initial period of underlying surface adjustment, while, once the plunge pool development was maintained, the sediment yield decreased and gradually stabilized (Bennett et al, 2000).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Change In Runoff Energy Consumption and Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Nevertheless, the GB was always characterized by the sediment deposition for the inflow discharge of < 4.8 m 3 h −1 , whereas the sediment was deposited firstly and then gradually transported as the inflow discharge increased to 6.0 and 7.2 m 3 h −1 . Similar phenomena were also found in some previous studies on rill headcut erosion (Bennett, 1999;Bennett and Casalí, 2001;Gordon et al, 2007;Wells et al, 2009a). This further indicated that the soil loss/deposition process of the gully system was significantly influenced by three landform units and especially by most of the flow energy (77.5 %) being consumed at gully heads, due to jet flow erosion strongly weakening the sediment transport capacity of flow on the gully bed and, thus, changing the soil loss/deposition process of gully system.…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Change In Runoff Energy Consumption and Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, Su et al (2015) found that the steady state Re of gully bed was higher than that of the upstream area, which was mainly attributed to the difference in slope gradient. In their study, the larger gully bed slope gradient compared to the upstream area would accelerate the runoff velocity and, thus, enhance flow turbulence (Bennett, 1999;Pan et al, 2016). Furthermore, compared to UA, the τ and ω of GB increased and decreased by 2.8 %-15.7 % and 49.2 %-65.9 %, respectively.…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Changes In Hydraulic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In terms of topography, most studies focused on how the threshold relationship (S ≤ a•A b ) initiates gully erosion (e.g., Torri and Poesen, 2014). Several experimental studies demonstrated that the upstream slope gradient and headcut height have significant effects on headcut erosion (e.g., Bennett, 1999;. Land use change is recognized as having the strongest effect on processes related to gully erosion (Poesen et al, 2003;Chaplot et al, 2005;Descroix et al, 2008), and it also significantly affects the activation of gully headcut erosion (e.g., Torri and Poesen, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic characteristics and soil loss during gully headcut erosion under controlled conditions

Guo

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulics and energy consumption and their associated soil erosion remain unclear during gully headcut retreat. A simulated scouring experiment was conducted on five headcut plots consisting of upstream area (UA), gully headwall (GH), and gully bed (GB) to elucidate the spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic, energy consumption, and soil loss during headcut erosion. The flow velocity at the brink of a headcut increased as a power function of time, whereas the jet velocity entry to the plunge pool and jet shear stress either logarithmically or linearly decreased over time. The jet properties were significantly affected by upstream flow discharge. The Reynolds number, runoff shear stress, and stream power of UA and GB increased as logarithmic or power functions of time, but the Froude number decreased logarithmically over time. The Reynolds number, shear stress, and stream power decreased by 56.0 %, 63.8 %, and 55.9 %, respectively, but the Froude number increased by 7.9 % when flow dropped from UA to GB. The accumulated energy consumption of UA, GH, and GB positions linearly increased with time. In total, 91.12 %–99.90 % of total flow energy was consumed during headcut erosion, of which the gully head accounted for 77.7 % of total energy dissipation, followed by UA (18.3 %), and GB (4.0 %). The soil loss rate of the “UA-GH-GB” system initially rose and then gradually declined and levelled off. The soil loss of UA and GH decreased logarithmically over time, whereas the GB was mainly characterized by sediment deposition. The proportion of soil loss at UA and GH is 11.5 % and 88.5 %, respectively, of which the proportion of deposited sediment on GB reached 3.8 %. The change in soil loss of UA, GH, and GB was significantly affected by flow hydraulic and jet properties. The critical energy consumption initiating soil erosion of UA, GH, and GB is 1.62, 5.79, and 1.64 J s−1, respectively. These results are helpful for deepening the understanding of gully erosion process and hydrodynamic mechanisms and can also provide a scientific basis for the construction of gully erosion model and the design of gully erosion prevention measures.

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Section: Spatiotemporal Change In Runoff Energy Consumption and Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Spatiotemporal Change In Runoff Energy Consumption and Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Spatiotemporal Changes In Hydraulic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic characteristics and soil loss during gully headcut erosion under controlled conditions

Guo

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…e rate of soil loss ranges from 37 to 246 t ha −1 yr −1 due to the variations in the site-specific biophysical conditions of the area and management practice [15,16]. In addition to its strong impact on soil removal, gully erosion damaged (kept out of production) a considerable amount of cultivable and cultivated land [17] such as 2.5% of the Warke watershed [18] and 2.13% of the Teter watershed [17]. As a result, soil erosion causes a significant negative impact on soil nutrient, agricultural production, and economic problems and painful environmental damage in the country [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Community-Based Soil and Water Conservation in Improving Soil Property in Damota Area, Southern Ethiopia

Masha

Yirgu

Debele

et al. 2021

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

Self Cite

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Soil and water conservation (SWC) is being advocated as an integral part of agricultural land management as it not only controls/minimizes soil erosion but also restores/rehabilitates the degraded lands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation practices in improving soil fertility in the agricultural landscapes of the Damota area, southern Ethiopia. Forty-eight soil samples (both disturbed and core samples) were collected from the conserved and adjacent nonconserved plots. The significance analysis test was performed using analysis of variance. The result of the study showed that higher mean values of soil physicochemical properties were observed in the conserved plot than its nonconserved counterpart. The mean differences of organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable K+ and Ca2+ between conserved and nonconserved plots were statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level. Besides, available phosphorous and bulk density were significant at P < 0.05 , but the effect of SWC practices was not found significant on soil texture, soil pH, and exchangeable Na+ and Mg2+ content of the soil in the Damota area. Community-based soil and water conservation practices have improved the soil fertility in agricultural landscapes, although significant results have been observed in some fertility indicators. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of conservation measures by participating in all stakeholders is recommended. Supporting physical structures by agronomic and vegetative measures and continued maintenance can bring better results.

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Effect of topographic variations and tillage methods on gully erosion in the black soil region: A case‐study from Northeast China

et al. 2022

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Gully erosion is considered to be a severe land degradation process around the world. The combined effects of tillage methods and topographic variation on gully erosion are poorly understood. This study investigated permanent gullies in three farmland, geomorphic areas in the black soil region of Northeastern China: low mountains and hills, tableland, and rolling hill areas. Cross-sectional measurements were used to obtain estimates of volumetric soil loss from the gullies. Digital contour maps and remote sensing images were used to obtain the topography and row direction data. The results showed that tableland area had the greatest volumetric soil loss and was the most prone to develop gully erosion, followed by the low mountains and hills, and finally the rolling hill areas. Topography was the dominant control on gully erosion and volumetric soil loss and length density increased first and then decreased as a function of increase of slope gradient. Farmland with slope gradient between 15 and 20 had the most serious gully erosion. Hillslope gullies were classified into three types by morphological indicators. Compared to other geomorphic areas, low mountains and hills had the most gully types and the greatest variability of morphology. Surface areas and volumes were related to gully type. Different tillage methods have affected the frequency of gully occurrence. Cross-slope tillage areas were more prone to develop gully erosion than contoured tillage and up and down slope tillage areas, especially for farmlands with slope of 5 to 10 . The results suggest that gully erosion could be reduced if up and down slope tillage was used for slope gradients less than 15 and contoured tillage was used for slope gradient greater than 15 . This study demonstrates the combined effect of topographic variations and tillage methods on gully erosion, and highlights the importance of considering different tillage methods under different geographical conditions to control gully erosion.

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Current extent, temporal trends, and rates of gully erosion in the Gumara watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic characteristics and soil loss during gully headcut erosion under controlled conditions

Spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic characteristics and soil loss during gully headcut erosion under controlled conditions

Effectiveness of Community-Based Soil and Water Conservation in Improving Soil Property in Damota Area, Southern Ethiopia

Effect of topographic variations and tillage methods on gully erosion in the black soil region: A case‐study from Northeast China

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