Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

Eldon, Bjarki; Riquet, Florentine; Yearsley, Jon; Jollivet, Didier; Broquet, Thomas

doi:10.1093/cz/zow094

Cited by 76 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Furthermore, models of larval dispersal (20) show that passive larvae dispersing over 4-6 mo. experience high rates of mixing over scales of hundreds of kilometers, which would further dilute the genetic signal of sweepstakes reproductive success (25,26). Because the splitnose recruits in this study spent ≥ 4 mo in an oceanographically dynamic environment, corecruitment of such a large proportion (11.6%) of siblings is only expected if they dispersed together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

RETRACTED: Long-term aggregation of larval fish siblings during dispersal along an open coast

Ottmann

Grorud-Colvert

Sard

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Center. In our study, we used microsatellite genotypes to infer that 57 of 491 new splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) recruits were siblings, suggesting cohesive dispersal over a 4-6 month period. After their examination of the raw data, Drs. Anderson and Garza suggested an alternative hypothesis in which the results derived from the existence of a cryptic species within our sample collection. We supplied them with all of the biological samples to reanalyze using a novel next-generation sequencing approach for species identification. The results from the new approach were confirmed by sequencing the control region of the mitochondrial genome. Together these new analyses reveal that instead of groups of siblings and nonsiblings, our juvenile samples consisted of two different rockfish species: splitnose rockfish and redbanded rockfish (S. babcocki). Given these new findings, we conclude that our estimates of relatedness were inflated within dyads containing individuals from the same species. Thus, while it is still possible that siblings may travel together in the pelagic ocean, we currently do not have evidence to support this hypothesis. The application of increasingly advanced molecular techniques to address fundamental ecological questions is of immense benefit to the field of marine ecology. As genetic techniques continue to rapidly evolve, we are firm supporters of open science and the publishing of raw data that allows vetting and collegial collaboration to advance science. We hereby retract the article and regret any inconvenience that it may have caused."Published under the PNAS license.www.pnas.org/cgi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

RETRACTED: Long-term aggregation of larval fish siblings during dispersal along an open coast

Ottmann

Grorud-Colvert

Sard

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…, Eldon et al. ). Genetic drift modulates the effect of collective dispersal on structure, such that it is strongest in small populations and/or when reproductive skew is high (Yearsley et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of marine kin structure: effects of dispersal, larval cohesion, and variable reproductive success

D'Aloia

Neubert

2018

Ecology

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The spatial distribution of relatives has profound effects on kin interactions, inbreeding, and inclusive fitness. Yet, in the marine environment, the processes that generate patterns of kin structure remain understudied because larval dispersal on ocean currents was historically assumed to disrupt kin associations. Recent genetic evidence of co-occurring siblings challenges this assumption and raises the intriguing question of how siblings are found together after a (potentially) disruptive larval phase. Here, we develop individual-based models to explore how stochastic processes operating at the individual level affect expected kinship at equilibrium. Specifically, we predict how limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and variability in reproductive success differentially affect patterns of kin structure. All three mechanisms increase mean kinship within populations, but their spatial effects are markedly different. We find that (1) when dispersal is limited, kinship declines monotonically as a function of the distance between individuals; (2) when siblings disperse cohesively, kinship increases within a site relative to between sites; and (3) when reproductive success varies, kinship increases equally at all distances. The differential effects of these processes therefore only become apparent when individuals are sampled at multiple spatial scales. Notably, our models suggest that aggregative larval behaviors, such as sibling cohesion, are not necessary to explain documented levels of relatedness within marine populations. Together, these findings establish a theoretical framework for disentangling the drivers of marine kin structure.

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“…Yet even if genetic drift is acting, differentiated larval cohorts should still mix during dispersal and genetic variation should thus be reshuffled. But dispersal limitations have been observed (reviewed in Shanks, ; Weersing & Toonen, ), and homogenization may also be limited during the dispersive phase either by particular hydrodynamics (i.e., larvae trapped in the same water mass) or due to active behaviour (Christie, Johnson, Stallings, & Hixon, ), two processes potentially resulting in asymmetrical dispersal (Eldon, Riquet, Yearsley, Jollivet, & Broquet, ; Wares & Pringle, ) or collective dispersal (i.e., the correlated dispersal of two or more related offspring originating from a single reproductive event; Broquet, Viard, & Yearsley, ; Yearsley, Viard, & Broquet, ; Eldon et al., ). A limited homogenization during the dispersive phase, which would reduce the mixing of genetically differentiated larval cohorts, is likely the key element for the genetic drift resulting from variance in reproductive success to persist during and after dispersion (Broquet et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected collective larval dispersal but little support for sweepstakes reproductive success in the highly dispersive brooding mollusc Crepidula fornicata

et al. 2017

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In many marine invertebrates, long-distance dispersal is achieved during an extended pelagic larval phase. Although such dispersal should result in high gene flow over broad spatial scales, fine-scale genetic structure has often been reported, a pattern attributed to interfamilial variance in reproductive success and limited homogenization during dispersal. To examine this hypothesis, the genetic diversity of dispersing larvae must be compared with the postdispersal stages, that is benthic recruits and adults. Such data remain, however, scarce due to the difficulty to sample and analyse larvae of minute size. Here, we carried out such an investigation using the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata. Field sampling of three to four larval pools was conducted over the reproductive season and repeated over 3 years. The genetic composition of larval pools, obtained with 16 microsatellite loci, was compared with that of recruits and adults sampled from the same site and years. In contrast to samples of juveniles and adults, large genetic temporal variations between larval pools produced at different times of the same reproductive season were observed. In addition, full- and half-sibs were detected in early larvae and postdispersal juveniles, pointing to correlated dispersal paths between several pairs of individuals. Inbred larvae were also identified. Such collective larval dispersal was unexpected given the long larval duration of the study species. Our results suggest that each larval pool is produced by a small effective number of reproducers but that, over a reproductive season, the whole larval pool is produced by large numbers of reproducers across space and time.

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Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

Cited by 76 publications

References 143 publications

RETRACTED: Long-term aggregation of larval fish siblings during dispersal along an open coast

RETRACTED: Long-term aggregation of larval fish siblings during dispersal along an open coast

The formation of marine kin structure: effects of dispersal, larval cohesion, and variable reproductive success

Unexpected collective larval dispersal but little support for sweepstakes reproductive success in the highly dispersive brooding mollusc Crepidula fornicata

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